<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv=Content-Type>
<META name=GENERATOR content="MSHTML 8.00.6001.23562">
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Спасибо, Булат!<BR><BR>С уважением,<BR>Николай
Андреевич Соболев,<BR>ст. н. сотр. лаб. биогеографии,<BR>Институт географии
Российской академии наук<BR><BR>Четверг, 17 июля 2025, 8:04 +03:00 от Bulat
Yessekin <<BR></FONT><A href="mailto:bulat.yessekin@gmail.com"><FONT size=2
face=Arial>bulat.yessekin@gmail.com</FONT></A><FONT size=2
face=Arial>>:<BR><BR>Эта работа - в развитие Теории биотической регуляции и
биотического насоса-<BR>Удивительный мир живой планеты- растений, озер, почвы,
описанный ранее<BR>поэтом Даниилом Андреевым в Розе Мира!<BR><BR>Здесь полный
текст на рус. и англ<BR></FONT><A
href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VCpMZy6S-21uuie9ut8zyzPb0dzNxyBpo2RHQyAJQAI/edit?usp=sharing"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VCpMZy6S-21uuie9ut8zyzPb0dzNxyBpo2RHQyAJQAI/edit?usp=sharing</FONT></A><BR><A
href="https://climatewaterproject.substack.com/p/is-the-earth-microbiome-regulating?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F35d4e3be-a586-41f4-94f0-3a6175073d87_673x448.png&open=false"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://climatewaterproject.substack.com/p/is-the-earth-microbiome-regulating?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F35d4e3be-a586-41f4-94f0-3a6175073d87_673x448.png&open=false</FONT></A><BR><BR><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>Best regards,<BR>Bulat K. YESSEKIN<BR><BR>чт, 17 июл. 2025г. в
09:41, Николай Андреевич Соболев <<BR></FONT><A
href="mailto:sobolev_nikolas@mail.ru"><FONT size=2
face=Arial>sobolev_nikolas@mail.ru</FONT></A><BR><FONT size=2
face=Arial><</FONT><A><FONT size=2
face=Arial>//e.mail.ru/compose/?mailto=mailto%3asobolev_nikolas@mail.ru</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>>>:<BR><BR>Всем привет!<BR>Очень интересно!<BR>Булат,
киньте, пожалуйста, ссылку на оригинал этого обзора!<BR>С уважением, Николай
Соболев<BR><BR>--<BR>Отправлено из Mail <</FONT><A
href="https://mail.ru/"><FONT size=2 face=Arial>https://mail.ru/</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>> для Android<BR>четверг, 17 июля 2025г., 07:12 +03:00 от
Bulat Yessekin<BR></FONT><A href="mailto:bulat.yessekin@gmail.com"><FONT size=2
face=Arial>bulat.yessekin@gmail.com</FONT></A><BR><FONT size=2
face=Arial><</FONT><A><FONT size=2
face=Arial>//e.mail.ru/compose/?mailto=mailto%3abulat.yessekin@gmail.com</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>>:<BR><BR><BR>Полный текст
ниже<BR><BR>...<BR><BR>Регулирование транспирации не менее увлекательно.
Некоторые почвенные<BR>бактерии производят метаболиты, которые влияют на
поведение устьиц растений<BR>— крошечных пор на листьях, которые контролируют
потерю воды. Когда<BR>влажность почвы низкая, некоторые микробы выделяют
соединения, которые<BR>сигнализируют растению о необходимости более плотно
закрыть устьица,<BR>сохраняя воду. Когда условия оптимальны, они могут
стимулировать более<BR>интенсивную транспирацию для улучшения поглощения
питательных веществ.<BR><BR>Например, исследования Сесилии М. Джозеф и Дональда
А. Филлипса из<BR>Калифорнийского университета в Дэвисе [1] показали, что
определенные<BR>микробные метаболиты могут напрямую стимулировать транспирацию
растений,<BR>влияя на электрические градиенты через клеточные
мембраны.<BR><BR>Существует также обратная связь. Растения выделяют различные
корневые<BR>экссудаты в зависимости от уровня стресса, и эти химические
сигналы<BR>привлекают различные микробные сообщества. Если растение испытывает
водный<BR>стресс, оно привлекает засухоустойчивые микробы. Если оно
подвергается<BR>атаке патогенов, оно привлекает микробы с антимикробными
свойствами. По<BR>сути, растение просит о помощи, и микробиом почвы реагирует,
изменяя себя,<BR>чтобы предоставить именно то, что
необходимо.<BR><BR>Исследования Марики Труу [3], показывающие, что влажность
воздуха изменяет<BR>состав микробиома почвы, предполагают, что существует даже
обратная связь<BR>между атмосферными условиями и подземными микробиологическими
сообществами.<BR>Микробиом почвы реагирует на атмосферные сигналы и потенциально
влияет на<BR>реакцию растений на климатические условия.<BR><BR>Здесь может стать
интересно поговорить о роли микробов в климате. Возможно,<BR>почвенные микробы
могут чувствовать, что в воздухе временно стало больше<BR>влаги, и поэтому
заставляют растения выделять больше транспирации, чтобы<BR>поднять влажность
воздуха выше насыщения, чтобы пошел дождь.<BR><BR>Микробиом озера<BR><BR>Чин Ву,
ученый-комплексолог: Такая регуляция микробиома происходит и
в<BR>озерах?<BR><BR>[фитопланктон — фотосинтезирующий микроорганизм в
водоемах]<BR><BR>Мэри, микробиолог: Безусловно. Микробиомы озер — замечательные
регуляторы<BR>окружающей среды, которые активно поддерживают качество воды с
помощью<BR>множества сложных механизмов. Когда в озеро попадает токсин, реакция
на это<BR>невероятно скоординирована.<BR><BR>Во-первых, микроорганизмы,
способные метаболизировать токсин, начинают<BR>активно размножаться — у них
появляется новый источник пищи. Но это не<BR>просто случайный рост. Эти микробы
выделяют химические сигналы, называемые<BR>аутоиндукторами, которые
взаимодействуют с другими видами микробов, по сути<BR>передавая сообщение «у нас
произошло загрязнение, и вот как на него<BR>реагировать».<BR><BR>Реакция
включает в себя специализированное разделение труда. Некоторые<BR>бактерии
сосредотачиваются на расщеплении токсина на более мелкие, менее<BR>вредные
соединения. Другие производят ферменты, которые нейтрализуют<BR>продукты
расщепления. Третьи начинают формировать биопленки —
липкие,<BR>структурированные сообщества, которые работают как живые
водоочистные<BR>сооружения. Эти биопленки не просто случайно прилипают к
поверхностям; они<BR>стратегически располагаются в областях с оптимальными
схемами потока, чтобы<BR>максимизировать свою фильтрующую
способность.<BR><BR>Биопленка создает микросреды с разными уровнями кислорода,
условиями pH и<BR>химическими градиентами. Различные виды микроорганизмов
занимают разные<BR>слои, каждый из которых специализируется на определенных
процессах<BR>детоксикации. Внешний слой может специализироваться на улавливании
тяжелых<BR>металлов, а более глубокие слои сосредоточены на разложении
органических<BR>загрязнителей.<BR><BR>Вот ключевой аспект регулирования:
микробиом не просто реагирует на<BR>загрязнение, он активно поддерживает базовое
качество воды. Полезные<BR>бактерии непрерывно производят соединения, которые
предотвращают рост<BR>вредных водорослей и патогенов. Они регулируют круговорот
питательных<BR>веществ, предотвращая накопление избыточного азота и фосфора,
которые могут<BR>вызвать вредное цветение водорослей.<BR><BR>Благодаря
кворумному восприятию, когда популяции микроорганизмов достигают<BR>определенной
плотности, они координируют свое поведение. Если уровень<BR>кислорода падает,
они могут сигнализировать друг другу о переходе к<BR>процессам, не требующим
кислорода. Если pH становится слишком кислым, они<BR>могут коллективно
производить щелочные соединения для буферизации воды. По<BR>сути, они
осуществляют регулирование химического состава воды в режиме<BR>реального
времени.<BR><BR>Самая замечательная часть — это память системы. Как только
микробиом озера<BR>справился с определенным типом загрязнения, он поддерживает
популяции<BR>специализированных микробов, готовых реагировать, если это
загрязнение<BR>повторится. Это похоже на иммунную систему окружающей среды с
адаптивной<BR>памятью.<BR><BR>[См. мою предыдущую статью «Возрождение наших озер
и океанов: как бороться<BR>с цветением водорослей и загрязнением воды», о том,
как Джон Тодд придумал,<BR>как взрастить микробиом озера, чтобы очистить его от
цветения водорослей и<BR>действительно токсичных озер. Он называет микробиом
биологическим<BR>интеллектом природы].<BR><BR>Best regards,<BR>Bulat K.
YESSEKIN<BR><BR>---------- Forwarded message ---------<BR>От: *Alpha Lo from
Climate Water Project* <</FONT><A
href="mailto:climatewaterproject@substack.com"><FONT size=2
face=Arial>climatewaterproject@substack.com</FONT></A><BR><FONT size=2
face=Arial><</FONT><A
href="https://e.mail.ru/compose/?mailto=mailto%3aclimatewaterproject@substack.com"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://e.mail.ru/compose/?mailto=mailto%3aclimatewaterproject@substack.com</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>><BR>><BR>Date: чт, 17 июл. 2025г. в 08:35<BR>Subject:
Is the earth microbiome regulating our climate?<BR>To: <</FONT><A
href="mailto:bulat.yessekin@gmail.com"><FONT size=2
face=Arial>bulat.yessekin@gmail.com</FONT></A><BR><FONT size=2
face=Arial><</FONT><A
href="https://e.mail.ru/compose/?mailto=mailto%3abulat.yessekin@gmail.com"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://e.mail.ru/compose/?mailto=mailto%3abulat.yessekin@gmail.com</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>>><BR><BR>Gaia 2.0<BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9jbGltYXRld2F0ZXJwcm9qZWN0LnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9zdWJzY3JpYmU_dXRtX3NvdXJjZT1lbWFpbCZ1dG1fY2FtcGFpZ249ZW1haWwtc3Vic2NyaWJlJnI9NGJrdW51Jm5leHQ9aHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZjbGltYXRld2F0ZXJwcm9qZWN0LnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbSUyRnAlMkZpcy10aGUtZWFydGgtbWljcm9iaW9tZS1yZWd1bGF0aW5nIiwicCI6MTY2MjEyMjc0LCJzIjo1MzI4NjMsImYiOnRydWUsInUiOjI2MTMxMzMzOCwiaWF0IjoxNzUyNzIzMzEwLCJleHAiOjIwNjgyOTkzMTAsImlzcyI6InB1Yi0wIiwic3ViIjoibGluay1yZWRpcmVjdCJ9.YgeEYf-qXOOeZkuTzvyCUffn99fxq-yRq_N0xoGEOcQ"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9jbGltYXRld2F0ZXJwcm9qZWN0LnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9zdWJzY3JpYmU_dXRtX3NvdXJjZT1lbWFpbCZ1dG1fY2FtcGFpZ249ZW1haWwtc3Vic2NyaWJlJnI9NGJrdW51Jm5leHQ9aHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZjbGltYXRld2F0ZXJwcm9qZWN0LnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbSUyRnAlMkZpcy10aGUtZWFydGgtbWljcm9iaW9tZS1yZWd1bGF0aW5nIiwicCI6MTY2MjEyMjc0LCJzIjo1MzI4NjMsImYiOnRydWUsInUiOjI2MTMxMzMzOCwiaWF0IjoxNzUyNzIzMzEwLCJleHAiOjIwNjgyOTkzMTAsImlzcyI6InB1Yi0wIiwic3ViIjoibGluay1yZWRpcmVjdCJ9.YgeEYf-qXOOeZkuTzvyCUffn99fxq-yRq_N0xoGEOcQ</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>?><BR>for more<BR>Is the earth microbiome regulating our
climate?<BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=532863&post_id=166212274&utm_source=post-email-title&utm_campaign=email-post-title&isFreemail=true&r=4bkunu&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNjEzMTMzMzgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE2NjIxMjI3NCwiaWF0IjoxNzUyNzIzMzEwLCJleHAiOjE3NTUzMTUzMTAsImlzcyI6InB1Yi01MzI4NjMiLCJzdWIiOiJwb3N0LXJlYWN0aW9uIn0.-QVMidvlUl7kDaCTyaUPK9kCmkeyZP_JCal91EFNdzI>Gaia"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=532863&post_id=166212274&utm_source=post-email-title&utm_campaign=email-post-title&isFreemail=true&r=4bkunu&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNjEzMTMzMzgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE2NjIxMjI3NCwiaWF0IjoxNzUyNzIzMzEwLCJleHAiOjE3NTUzMTUzMTAsImlzcyI6InB1Yi01MzI4NjMiLCJzdWIiOiJwb3N0LXJlYWN0aW9uIn0.-QVMidvlUl7kDaCTyaUPK9kCmkeyZP_JCal91EFNdzI>Gaia</FONT></A><BR><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>2.0<BR><BR>Alpha Lo <</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/@climatewaterproject"><FONT size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/@climatewaterproject</FONT></A><FONT size=2
face=Arial>><BR>Jul 17<BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/@climatewaterproject"><FONT size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/@climatewaterproject</FONT></A><FONT size=2
face=Arial>><BR><BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=532863&post_id=166212274&utm_source=substack&isFreemail=true&submitLike=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNjEzMTMzMzgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE2NjIxMjI3NCwicmVhY3Rpb24iOiLinaQiLCJpYXQiOjE3NTI3MjMzMTAsImV4cCI6MTc1NTMxNTMxMCwiaXNzIjoicHViLTUzMjg2MyIsInN1YiI6InJlYWN0aW9uIn0.GK-7A9P1gnISYlKUOqFLEUkWoeAap2x4eh4l895Vm6Y&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=email-reaction&r=4bkunu"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=532863&post_id=166212274&utm_source=substack&isFreemail=true&submitLike=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNjEzMTMzMzgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE2NjIxMjI3NCwicmVhY3Rpb24iOiLinaQiLCJpYXQiOjE3NTI3MjMzMTAsImV4cCI6MTc1NTMxNTMxMCwiaXNzIjoicHViLTUzMjg2MyIsInN1YiI6InJlYWN0aW9uIn0.GK-7A9P1gnISYlKUOqFLEUkWoeAap2x4eh4l895Vm6Y&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=email-reaction&r=4bkunu</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>><BR><BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=532863&post_id=166212274&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&isFreemail=true&comments=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNjEzMTMzMzgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE2NjIxMjI3NCwiaWF0IjoxNzUyNzIzMzEwLCJleHAiOjE3NTUzMTUzMTAsImlzcyI6InB1Yi01MzI4NjMiLCJzdWIiOiJwb3N0LXJlYWN0aW9uIn0.-QVMidvlUl7kDaCTyaUPK9kCmkeyZP_JCal91EFNdzI&r=4bkunu&utm_campaign=email-half-magic-comments&action=post-comment&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=532863&post_id=166212274&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&isFreemail=true&comments=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNjEzMTMzMzgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE2NjIxMjI3NCwiaWF0IjoxNzUyNzIzMzEwLCJleHAiOjE3NTUzMTUzMTAsImlzcyI6InB1Yi01MzI4NjMiLCJzdWIiOiJwb3N0LXJlYWN0aW9uIn0.-QVMidvlUl7kDaCTyaUPK9kCmkeyZP_JCal91EFNdzI&r=4bkunu&utm_campaign=email-half-magic-comments&action=post-comment&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>><BR><BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=532863&post_id=166212274&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&utm_campaign=email-share&action=share&triggerShare=true&isFreemail=true&r=4bkunu&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNjEzMTMzMzgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE2NjIxMjI3NCwiaWF0IjoxNzUyNzIzMzEwLCJleHAiOjE3NTUzMTUzMTAsImlzcyI6InB1Yi01MzI4NjMiLCJzdWIiOiJwb3N0LXJlYWN0aW9uIn0.-QVMidvlUl7kDaCTyaUPK9kCmkeyZP_JCal91EFNdzI"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=532863&post_id=166212274&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&utm_campaign=email-share&action=share&triggerShare=true&isFreemail=true&r=4bkunu&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNjEzMTMzMzgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE2NjIxMjI3NCwiaWF0IjoxNzUyNzIzMzEwLCJleHAiOjE3NTUzMTUzMTAsImlzcyI6InB1Yi01MzI4NjMiLCJzdWIiOiJwb3N0LXJlYWN0aW9uIn0.-QVMidvlUl7kDaCTyaUPK9kCmkeyZP_JCal91EFNdzI</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>><BR><BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9vcGVuLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9wdWIvY2xpbWF0ZXdhdGVycHJvamVjdC9wL2lzLXRoZS1lYXJ0aC1taWNyb2Jpb21lLXJlZ3VsYXRpbmc_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.bikYM9AdFWqwFMzGBEHxHFl2AZg6K-1N7LkgMEhVF6w?&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9vcGVuLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9wdWIvY2xpbWF0ZXdhdGVycHJvamVjdC9wL2lzLXRoZS1lYXJ0aC1taWNyb2Jpb21lLXJlZ3VsYXRpbmc_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.bikYM9AdFWqwFMzGBEHxHFl2AZg6K-1N7LkgMEhVF6w?&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>><BR><BR><BR>READ IN APP<BR><</FONT><A
href="https://open.substack.com/pub/climatewaterproject/p/is-the-earth-microbiome-regulating?utm_source=email&redirect=app-store&utm_campaign=email-read-in-app"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://open.substack.com/pub/climatewaterproject/p/is-the-earth-microbiome-regulating?utm_source=email&redirect=app-store&utm_campaign=email-read-in-app</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>><BR><BR><BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/redirect/a11712ab-b077-40cd-a4b4-f64a70bb82ae?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/redirect/a11712ab-b077-40cd-a4b4-f64a70bb82ae?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>><BR><BR><BR>Here my prediction - we will find in the
upcoming decade that the earth<BR>microbiome, that vibrant community of tiny
organisms, bacteria, fungi,<BR>viruses, diatoms, and phytoplankton in our bodies
and in our ecosystems,<BR>will be key to understanding how the earth regulates
its temperature and<BR>water circulatory system.<BR><BR>A helpful analogy to
think about in this regards, is that the earth’s<BR>microbiome is the assembly
language layer of earths operating system. In<BR>computers, the base level
language is the assembly language. Other<BR>languages, like C and Java are
written on top of it. If we mess up this<BR>assembly language, then we make the
operating system built on top of it<BR>less functional. This operating system is
the Earth’s ecosystems, climate,<BR>water cycles, and biogeochemical
cycles.<BR><BR>Here’s a dialog between an ecologist, a microbiologist, a
security guard, a<BR>Gaia researcher, and a complexity scientist to explore this
paradigm of the<BR>“Earth microbiome regulating the climate”. Towards the end,
you will find<BR>two conjectures I pose as part of this paradigm : The
*Microbiome Pump<BR>Initiator* hypotheis which might explains how the microbiome
could regulate<BR>the biotic pump, and how it could possibly evolutionary
evolve. Also there<BR>is the *Microbial Teleconnection Regulator *hypothesis
which explains how<BR>microbes could coordinate large scale atmospheric
circulation and weather.<BR><BR>….<BR><BR>*Sam the security guard:* Microbes are
so small. How could they possibly<BR>have any impact on climate?<BR><BR>*Ching
Wu the complexity theorist:* Well, carbon dioxide molecules are tiny<BR>too, but
they have a massive impact on global warming. Scale doesn't always<BR>determine
influence.<BR><BR>*Sam the security guard: *Hmm, you are right. Carbon dioxide
molecules<BR>absorb radiation and so it affects temperature. But how would
microbes<BR>affect climate?<BR><BR>*Emerson the ecologist:* There are a variety
of ways. Microbes gave us the<BR>oxygen we breathe in the first place.
Cyanobacteria transformed Earth's<BR>atmosphere billions of years ago. Today,
marine microbes like phytoplankton<BR>still produce over half of our
oxygen.<BR><BR>Microbes influence Earth’s biogeochemical cycles - the natural
pathways<BR>that move key elements like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and
sulfur<BR>through the air, water, soil, and living organisms. These cycles
impact the<BR>planet’s climate. Microbes fix nitrogen from the atmosphere so
plants can<BR>grow, and plants in turn draw down carbon dioxide. In the soil,
microbial<BR>communities break down organic matter, releasing CO₂ but also
helping lock<BR>carbon away for centuries. In the oceans, microbial plankton
absorb carbon<BR>from the atmosphere and send it into the deep sea when they
die. These<BR>microscopic processes shape the global carbon budget, influence
how much<BR>heat the Earth traps, and ultimately help determine whether the
planet<BR>warms or cools.<BR><BR>And we are finding out more and more that
microbes - certain bacteria and<BR>fungi spores, are playing a large role in
seeding cloud formation, which<BR>means they are influencing the earth’s
temperature (via clouds reflecting<BR>of sunlight) and rain.<BR><BR>*Giovanni
the Gaia researcher:* Wouldn’t it then follow that microbes could<BR>be
regulating the climate?<BR><BR>*Emerson the ecologist:* Not necessarily. They're
influencing climate, yes,<BR>but that doesn't mean they're regulating it in a
coordinated way. There's a<BR>big difference between impact and regulation.
Regulation implies systemic<BR>feedback or control, and from an evolutionary
standpoint, it's not obvious<BR>how earth’s microbiome could evolve to regulate
something as vast as global<BR>climate.<BR><BR>*Ching Wu the complexity
scientist:* Maybe we can get insight into whether<BR>the earth microbiome is
regulating the climate or not, by first looking at<BR>other microbiomes that do
regulate things, like the human gut, the soil<BR>microbiome, and the lake
microbiome. Because in that context, regulation<BR>clearly emerges.<BR><BR>*The
Gut Microbiome*<BR><BR>*Mary the microbiologist:* That's true. The gut
microbiome regulates the<BR>immune system through several sophisticated
mechanisms. First, there's what<BR>we call "immune education." Beneficial
bacteria train developing immune<BR>cells, especially T-cells, to recognize
what's normal versus what's<BR>dangerous. They do this by presenting molecular
patterns that immune cells<BR>learn to associate with "friend" rather than
"foe."<BR><BR>Second, they produce specific metabolites, like short-chain fatty
acids,<BR>that directly influence immune cell behavior. These molecules can
promote<BR>the development of regulatory T-cells, which act like immune
system<BR>peacekeepers, preventing overreaction to harmless
substances.<BR><BR>*Sam the security guard:* That sounds like it might be
regulation. How does<BR>that actually work?<BR><BR>*Mary the microbiologist:*
Exactly, it is regulation. The gut microbiome<BR>doesn't just influence the
immune system; it actively maintains immune<BR>homeostasis through multiple
feedback mechanisms.<BR><BR>When pathogenic bacteria try to invade, beneficial
microbes detect<BR>molecular danger signals and respond by releasing
antimicrobial compounds<BR>while simultaneously sending chemical messages to
immune cells to mount an<BR>appropriate defense. But here's the key regulatory
aspect: when the immune<BR>response becomes excessive, certain gut microbes
sense the inflammatory<BR>environment and counter-regulate by releasing
anti-inflammatory molecules.<BR><BR>This creates a dynamic equilibrium. The
microbiome continuously monitors<BR>immune activity and adjusts its molecular
output accordingly. If<BR>inflammation is too low, some microbes can stimulate
immune vigilance. If<BR>it's too high, others dampen the response. It's like a
biological<BR>thermostat.<BR><BR>What makes this true regulation is the feedback
loops: the microbiome<BR>responds to immune system states, which in turn respond
to microbial<BR>signals, creating a self-correcting system that maintains
optimal immune<BR>function.<BR><BR>*Sam the security guard:* But how could this
evolve? How could something<BR>that's not in a species' genes, i.e the microbes,
collaborate so intimately<BR>with the species?<BR><BR>*Mary the microbiologist:*
That's the fascinating part, it's co-evolution.<BR>The host and microbiome
evolved together over millions of years. Our immune<BR>system didn't evolve in
isolation; it evolved in constant interaction with<BR>microbial communities. The
microbes that were most beneficial to host<BR>survival were selected for, and
hosts that could best integrate with<BR>helpful microbes had survival
advantages.<BR><BR>Our genes code for immune receptors that specifically
recognize and respond<BR>to microbial molecules. We have genetic pathways
dedicated to processing<BR>microbial metabolites. Our intestinal structure
evolved to provide optimal<BR>niches for beneficial bacteria. Meanwhile, the
microbes evolved molecular<BR>mechanisms to communicate with our immune cells
and metabolic systems.<BR><BR>It's like two dance partners who've been
practicing together for eons,<BR>they've learned each other's moves so well that
they appear to be one<BR>coordinated system. The collaboration is so ancient and
fundamental that<BR>our biology is essentially incomplete without it. We're not
really<BR>individual organisms; we're walking ecosystems.<BR><BR>*The Soil
Microbiome*<BR><BR>*Ching Wu the complexity scientist:* And this kind of
regulation happens in<BR>soil too, right?<BR><BR>*Mary:* Exactly. Soil microbes
create even more complex regulatory networks<BR>with plants. They regulate plant
immune systems through sophisticated<BR>molecular dialogues. When a plant root
encounters beneficial mycorrhizal<BR>fungi, the fungi release signaling
molecules that essentially tell the<BR>plant's immune system "we're allies, not
invaders." The plant responds by<BR>allowing the fungi to form intimate
connections with its root cells,<BR>creating a symbiotic network.<BR><BR>But
here's where it gets really interesting, these same microbes can flip<BR>the
switch when pathogens appear. Beneficial bacteria like Pseudomonas
and<BR>Bacillus species can detect pathogenic fungi or bacteria in the soil
and<BR>then release compounds that prime the plant's immune system,
essentially<BR>putting it on high alert. They're like an early warning
system.<BR><BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/redirect/fa32d0dd-6f53-4856-933c-d5f41e3345be?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/redirect/fa32d0dd-6f53-4856-933c-d5f41e3345be?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>><BR><BR><BR>[Fungi]<BR><BR>The transpiration regulation is
equally fascinating. Certain soil bacteria<BR>produce metabolites that influence
the plant's stomatal behavior, the tiny<BR>pores on leaves that control water
loss. When soil moisture is low, some<BR>microbes release compounds that signal
the plant to close its stomata more<BR>tightly, conserving water. When
conditions are optimal, they can stimulate<BR>more transpiration to enhance
nutrient uptake.<BR><BR>For example, research by Cecilia M. Joseph and Donald A.
Phillips at UC<BR>Davis [1<BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/redirect/701dfa93-6548-4e01-99a5-a27e52fb9eac?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/redirect/701dfa93-6548-4e01-99a5-a27e52fb9eac?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>>]<BR>showed that specific microbial metabolites can
directly stimulate plant<BR>transpiration by affecting the electrical gradients
across cell membranes.<BR><BR>There's also feedback in the other direction.
Plants release different root<BR>exudates depending on their stress levels, and
these chemical signals<BR>recruit different microbial communities. If a plant is
water-stressed, it<BR>attracts drought-resistant microbes. If it's under
pathogen attack, it<BR>recruits microbes with antimicrobial properties. The
plant is essentially<BR>calling for help, and the soil microbiome responds by
reshaping itself to<BR>provide exactly what's needed.<BR><BR>Marika Truu's
research [3<BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/redirect/4d001b6d-d204-43d7-86ff-cfa5194005ef?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/redirect/4d001b6d-d204-43d7-86ff-cfa5194005ef?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>>],<BR>showing that air humidity changes soil microbiome
composition suggests<BR>there's even feedback between atmospheric conditions and
underground<BR>microbial communities. The soil microbiome is responding to
atmospheric<BR>signals and potentially influencing plant responses to climate
conditions.<BR><BR>Here’s where it could get interesting about the role of
microbes with<BR>climate. Maybe the soil microbes could sense there is
temporarily more<BR>moisture in the air, and so cause plants to release more
transpiration in<BR>order to push the air over saturation humidity so that rain
will fall.<BR><BR>*The Lake Microbiome*<BR><BR>*Ching Wu the complexity
scientist:* Does this kind of microbiome<BR>regulation happen in lakes
too?<BR><BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/redirect/62f5b939-cee9-4d1f-b05a-58e45ae09dfe?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/redirect/62f5b939-cee9-4d1f-b05a-58e45ae09dfe?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>><BR><BR><BR>*[*phytoplankton - a photosynthesizing microbe
in water bodies*]*<BR><BR>*Mary the microbiologist:* Absolutely. Lake
microbiomes are remarkable<BR>environmental regulators that actively maintain
water quality through<BR>multiple sophisticated mechanisms. When a toxin enters
a lake, the response<BR>is incredibly orchestrated.<BR><BR>First, microbes that
can metabolize the toxin begin to thrive—they have a<BR>new food source. But
it's not just random growth. These microbes release<BR>chemical signals called
autoinducers that communicate with other microbial<BR>species, essentially
broadcasting "we have a contamination event, and<BR>here's how to
respond."<BR><BR>The response involves specialized division of labor. Some
bacteria focus on<BR>breaking down the toxin into smaller, less harmful
compounds. Others<BR>produce enzymes that neutralize the breakdown products.
Still others begin<BR>forming biofilms, sticky, structured communities that work
like living<BR>water treatment plants. These biofilms don't just randomly stick
to<BR>surfaces; they strategically position themselves in areas with optimal
flow<BR>patterns to maximize their filtering capacity.<BR><BR>The biofilm
creates microenvironments with different oxygen levels, pH<BR>conditions, and
chemical gradients. Different microbial species occupy<BR>different layers, each
specialized for specific detoxification processes.<BR>The outer layer might
specialize in capturing heavy metals, while deeper<BR>layers focus on breaking
down organic pollutants.<BR><BR>Here's the key regulatory aspect: the microbiome
doesn't just react to<BR>pollution, it actively maintains baseline water
quality. Beneficial<BR>bacteria continuously produce compounds that prevent the
growth of harmful<BR>algae and pathogens. They regulate nutrient cycling,
preventing the buildup<BR>of excess nitrogen and phosphorus that could trigger
harmful algal blooms.<BR><BR>Through quorum sensing, when microbial populations
reach certain densities,<BR>they coordinate their behavior. If oxygen levels
drop, they can signal each<BR>other to shift to processes that don't require
oxygen. If pH becomes too<BR>acidic, they can collectively produce alkaline
compounds to buffer the<BR>water. They're essentially performing real-time water
chemistry regulation.<BR><BR>The most remarkable part is the system's memory.
Once a lake microbiome has<BR>dealt with a particular type of contamination, it
maintains populations of<BR>specialized microbes ready to respond if that
contamination reoccurs. It's<BR>like an environmental immune system with
adaptive memory.<BR><BR>[ see my previous article “Bringing our lakes and oceans
back to life: how<BR>to deal with algae blooms and polluted
waters<BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/redirect/c35b242d-8590-49ca-b87b-ccf67aba782a?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/redirect/c35b242d-8590-49ca-b87b-ccf67aba782a?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>>”,<BR>about how John Todd figured out how to nurture this
lake microbiome to<BR>clean up algae blooms and really toxic lakes. He calls the
microbiome<BR>nature’s biological intelligence.]<BR><BR>*Ching Wu*: Don’t lakes
and wetlands impact how aquifers recharge?<BR><BR>*Mary: *Yes, and here microbes
play a surprising role. There can be sludge<BR>and sediment that accumulates at
the bottom of lakes and wetlands, rivers<BR>too. The microbes can digest this
sediment, and impact how much of that<BR>water goes into aquifers. And we know
that aquifer can then impact the<BR>water cycle in profound ways, as it affects
how much landscapes get<BR>hydrated into dry season via springs, and how much
trees can bring up water<BR>to create rain in the dry season. So by impacting
aquifer recharge,<BR>microbes are having a significant impact on the water
cycle.<BR>Upgrade to paid<BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9jbGltYXRld2F0ZXJwcm9qZWN0LnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9zdWJzY3JpYmU_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.Hdi4V3QIrOrPXdBzFSSxSzwCg8HYTSdx0v2tHtdfj7o?&utm_medium=email&utm_source=subscribe-widget&utm_content=166212274"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9jbGltYXRld2F0ZXJwcm9qZWN0LnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9zdWJzY3JpYmU_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.Hdi4V3QIrOrPXdBzFSSxSzwCg8HYTSdx0v2tHtdfj7o?&utm_medium=email&utm_source=subscribe-widget&utm_content=166212274</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>><BR><BR>*Emerson the ecologist:* So when you put it all
together, gut, soil, lake,<BR>what we see is that microbial communities can
regulate complex systems.<BR>They're integral components of the system's
feedback loops.<BR><BR>There is also a deeper concept here : that of the
holobiont. This is the<BR>idea that what we traditionally call an "organism" is
actually a<BR>collective, a host plus all its associated microbes functioning as
a single<BR>biological unit.<BR><BR>A human isn't just human cells. We're human
cells plus trillions of<BR>bacterial, fungal, and viral cells that are essential
to our survival. The<BR>same is true for plants, a tree isn't just plant tissue,
it's plant tissue<BR>plus mycorrhizal fungi, plus soil bacteria, plus countless
other<BR>microorganisms that are integral to its function. Even a lake isn't
just<BR>water, it's water plus its entire microbial ecosystem working together
to<BR>maintain stability.<BR><BR>The holobiont concept suggests that the
boundaries between "self" and<BR>"other" are much more fluid than we thought.
The regulation we're seeing<BR>isn't separate organisms cooperating, it's
components of a larger<BR>biological system maintaining homeostasis. The gut
microbiome regulating<BR>immunity, soil microbes managing plant water use, lake
microbes maintaining<BR>water quality, these aren't examples of cooperation
between different<BR>entities. They're examples of integrated biological systems
regulating<BR>themselves.<BR><BR>This could change how we think about evolution.
Selection isn't just acting<BR>on individual organisms; it's acting on entire
holobionts. The most<BR>successful combinations of hosts and microbes persist
and reproduce<BR>together.<BR><BR>*Giovanni the Gaia researcher:* And if they
can regulate a gut, or a lake,<BR>or a forest, why not a planet? Maybe Earth
itself is a holobiont, with the<BR>planet as the host and the global microbiome
as the regulating partner.<BR>That’s what Gaia theory is about. The Earth's
microbiome could then<BR>regulate the climate in the same way gut microbes
regulate immunity or soil<BR>microbes regulate plant health.<BR><BR>*Emerson the
ecologist:* But wait up, there's natural selection driving<BR>evolution, but how
could these microbes evolve to influence climate? I can<BR>see how the gut
microbiome and immune system could evolve together over<BR>millions of years.
They're in constant, intimate contact. The microbes that<BR>helped their host
survive got passed on, and hosts that could best work<BR>with beneficial
microbes thrived. It's proximity-driven co-evolution.<BR><BR>But when you're
talking about climate regulation, you're talking about<BR>microbes on land
somehow evolving to influence atmospheric conditions that<BR>are physically
distant from them. A soil bacterium in the Amazon is<BR>separated from the
global atmosphere by vast spatial scales. How could<BR>there be the kind of
direct feedback necessary for co-evolution? The gut<BR>microbiome gets immediate
feedback from the immune system it's regulating,<BR>if it helps the host, it
survives. But how would a microbe "know" it's<BR>helping stabilize global
climate, and how would it be selected for that<BR>function when the climate
system is so far removed from its immediate<BR>environment?<BR><BR>*Ching Wu the
complexity scientist:* But evolution isn't just natural<BR>selection, it's also
dynamical systems evolution. Think about Daisyworld,<BR>James Lovelock's famous
model he made to back up his Gaia hypothesis. In<BR>Daisyworld, you have a
planet with black daisies that absorb heat and white<BR>daisies that reflect it.
As the sun gets brighter, black daisies heat up<BR>their environment, creating
conditions that favor white daisies. The white<BR>daisies then cool things down,
eventually creating conditions that favor<BR>black daisies again. Neither daisy
is trying to regulate planetary<BR>temperature, but the system naturally evolves
toward temperature stability<BR>through these feedback loops.<BR><BR>The key
here is iteration and dynamical systems theory. Systems don't just<BR>evolve
through direct selection, they evolve toward attractors in the<BR>energy
landscape. They can be many perturbations over many iterations it<BR>finds the
attractors. Think of *perturbations* like wind or fire for<BR>dynamical systems,
as similar to the *mutations* of genes in natural<BR>selection. Perturbations
and mutations are a way of searching phase space<BR>for more optimal and
efficient solutions.<BR><BR>Heres the key point : microbes can go up and seed
clouds every day. They<BR>literally become cloud condensation nuclei, which
changes temperature and<BR>rainfall patterns. This creates a feedback loop
because that temperature<BR>and rainfall directly affects the soil microbiome
and their impact on<BR>plants. Which in turn affects transpiration, which
affects atmospheric<BR>moisture, which affects cloud formation, which affects
the microbes that<BR>seed those clouds.<BR><BR>It's a feedback loop that can
adjust itself through iteration. The system<BR>doesn't need conscious intent, it
just needs repeated cycles where<BR>atmospheric conditions influence microbial
communities, which influence<BR>plant behavior, which influences atmospheric
conditions. Over hundreds of<BR>thousands of iterations, this system could
evolve toward climate stability<BR>through dynamical systems evolution toward
the most stable attractor state,<BR>which then combines with natural selection
to amplify those genes which<BR>guide towards these attractor
states.<BR><BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/redirect/289a39d3-8fdf-4595-a640-80311aa33242?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/redirect/289a39d3-8fdf-4595-a640-80311aa33242?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>><BR><BR><BR>*Giovanni:* There's an interesting phenomenon
trees can influence climate<BR>via the water cycle. I wonder if it might suggest
an idea for microbes<BR>influencing climate. The Amazon rainforest actually
calls in the rain by<BR>changing large-scale circulation, shifting the rainy
season earlier by<BR>about two months. Makarieva and Gorshkov have proposed a
biotic pump theory<BR>where transpiration from the forest condenses to create a
partial vacuum<BR>that draws in ocean winds. The atmospheric scientist Rong Fu
has proposed a<BR>similar theory, with a latent heat mechanism instead of the
vacuum effect.<BR><BR>*Emerson:* That biotic pump phenomena is hard to
understand from an<BR>evolutionary viewpoint. Why would trees of so many
different origins all<BR>coordinate their transpiration two months earlier? This
would actually<BR>reduce their individual fitness unless there was a critical
mass of trees<BR>doing it simultaneously. But the critical mass required is so
high that it<BR>seems evolutionarily unlikely, how could enough trees of
different species<BR>coordinate without communication?<BR><BR>*Mary:* I think I
might have an idea for how. It could be to do with the<BR>forest microbiome.
Forests are connected by vast mycelial networks, fungal<BR>threads that link
root systems across entire forests. These networks don't<BR>just transport
nutrients; they carry chemical signals that can coordinate<BR>forest-wide
responses. They work with the bacteria and other parts of the<BR>forest
microbiome.<BR><BR>The forest microbiome could be the coordinator. When
environmental<BR>conditions signal that earlier transpiration would be
beneficial, the<BR>mycelial network could simultaneously signal trees across
vast areas to<BR>begin their transpiration response. It's like a forest-wide
nervous system,<BR>with the microbiome as the information processor.<BR><BR>At
the same time the microbiome is coordinating transpiration, it could<BR>also be
releasing more microbes and fungal spores into the atmosphere to<BR>seed the
condensation of that transpiration. The forest microbiome isn't<BR>just
coordinating the pump, it's also providing the condensation nuclei<BR>that make
the pump work more efficiently.<BR><BR>*Emerson*: The wet season is normally
started by this giant rainband across<BR>the arth called the ITCZ, that moves
north and south with the season. But<BR>the wet season is strted earlier in the
Amazon, when the forests divert<BR>that ocean moisture. How would the microbes
know when to time this.?<BR><BR>*Mary*: Well we know the soil microbiome can
sense humidity, and it has<BR>seasonal awareness, so it could learn over the
course of millions of years<BR>to evolve with the seasons.<BR><BR>*Sam:* So
you're saying the forest microbiome is like the pump initiator?<BR>It
coordinates the trees to transpire together and then seeds the clouds to<BR>make
sure that transpiration actually creates rain? We could call it<BR>the
*Microbiome<BR>Pump Initiator* hypothesis.<BR><BR>*Emerson:* I'm wondering, do
we have an Earth microbiome, or more just a<BR>lot of regional microbiomes that
are not in large scale coordination?<BR><BR>*Ching Wu:* There are actually a lot
of microbes in the wind. When they<BR>land, they affect that regional
microbiome. And these microbes blow across<BR>oceans to other continents, so
they could all be coordinated through this<BR>exchange.<BR><BR>This reminds me
of a simulation by Tim Lenton called Flask World. He had<BR>many flasks, each
with their own microbiome, connected by tubes. The<BR>various flasks would
coordinate with all the other flasks to reach a<BR>homeostatic state. Each flask
was unique, but there was also emergent<BR>coordination across all flasks. Flask
world should be a scale invariant<BR>model, so you could imagine it working at a
much larger continental scale. [<BR>2<BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/redirect/fd010897-38ba-42cf-8163-63b5fcf36bee?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/redirect/fd010897-38ba-42cf-8163-63b5fcf36bee?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>><BR>]<BR><BR>So a similar way, the microbiome could
coordinate across continents. And<BR>when it does this, because soil microbiomes
can sense humidity and<BR>temperature, it can then adjust its behavior. So it's
possible that global<BR>winds, temperature via clouds, and rainfall have some
coordination via<BR>millions of years of iteration.<BR><BR>*Sam:* So is the
Earth microbiome intelligent to some degree? Does it have<BR>learning, memory,
and the ability to regulate?<BR><BR>*Ching Wu:* We see in the gut, soil, and
lake that the microbiome has<BR>emergent intelligence, it communicates and
coordinates. If we argue the<BR>same evolutionary iteration that lead to those
abilities to emerge, could<BR>also happen via the everyday microbe-weather
interactions, and because<BR>there is a continent to continent exchange, then
concievably there could be<BR>an earth microbiome intelligence.<BR><BR>In
complex systems, if a system undergoes many iterations, it evolves over<BR>time.
There is this concept called a fitness landscape, where a hill is a<BR>place of
higher fitness. So as you wander around this landscape, you have<BR>to go down
into a valley, and then come to another hill. Over time, you can<BR>find higher
and higher hills. So over a million years, this coupled<BR>microbe-climate
system can evolve to higher hills, higher fitness levels,<BR>where they are mich
more coordinated.<BR><BR>*Mary:* Can I get an example of this?<BR><BR>*Giovanni:
*Well we know the soil microbiome can sense temperature. If it<BR>gets hotter,
it could send signals to the plants to transpire more, to<BR>transpire less, or
not send signals. When enough plants transpire more,<BR>they can create lower
clouds, which reflect more sunlight and cool the<BR>earth. Now imagine there are
mutations or pertubations happening everyday<BR>in the soil microbiome, of what
signals it sends to the plants based on<BR>temperature, or its memory of
temperature over past season ( the microbiome<BR>has a memory). These signals
can then lead to more clouds, less clouds, or<BR>no shift. If there is more
clouds, and more rain, this can then be<BR>beneficial to certain types of
microbes in the soil, so those microbes get<BR>selected for. Over millions of
years of iteration, this combination of<BR>dynamical systems evolution coupled
with natural selection, could lead to<BR>the soil microbiome being able to
regulate the temperature for what is most<BR>optimal for itself.<BR><BR>*Sam:
*Trees naturally affect how much rain there is downwind by how much<BR>they
transpire. Would there be any evolutionary reason for trees to<BR>regulate their
transpiration to best benefit rainfall for ecosystems<BR>downwind of it, maybe
even 500 miles away.<BR><BR>*Ching Wu*: Well from a conventional evolutionary
viewpoint, they doesn’t<BR>seem to be an obvious reason at first glance, why
trees in one place should<BR>work to get water to ecosystems far away from it.
However this microbiome<BR>viewpoint gives me an idea.<BR><BR>Microbes are
constantly getting blown downwind, and through that they can<BR>send signals
between ecosystems hundreds of miles apart. Lets call the<BR>upwind location X,
and the downwind location far away Y. X releases<BR>microbes that travel to Y.
The soil microbiome at Y can use that as a sign<BR>of what is happening at X.
Now wind reversals happen once in a while, even<BR>if there is a more commonly
prevailing wind. That soil microbiome at Y then<BR>sends microbes in air, that
reach X. Those microbes can impact what the<BR>trees do at X. Now we can imagine
random mutation of response to each of<BR>these microbe signals.<BR><BR>Over
millions of iterations, this system begins to find the hills in the<BR>fitness
landscape, the more energetically favorable states. And a more<BR>energetically
favorable state could be that when atmospheric humidity gets<BR>to a certain
point, the trees at X release some extra transpiration, so<BR>that Y is more
likely to get more rain.<BR><BR>*Sam*: Does this work across continents
too?<BR><BR>*Ching Wu*: Yes. We know from climate researchers like Roni Avissar
and<BR>Abigail Swann in a field called teleconnections, that the change in
forest<BR>on one continent will affect climate on another continent via the
forests<BR>impacts on jets streams, Hadley cells, El-nino, and Rossby waves,
which are<BR>cross continental atmospheric phenomena. Now if microbes also blow
from<BR>continent to continent, over millions of years they could be
a<BR>cross-continental coordination to influence forest transpiration,
which<BR>would then influence jet streams, Hadley cells and their ilk. Which
means<BR>global atmospheric circulation patterns may be being regulated by
microbes.<BR><BR>*Sam*: Wow this is wild. Maybe we can call this the
*Microbial<BR>Teleconnection Regulator *hypothesis.<BR><BR>*Ching Wu: *So the
emergent picture is : these nano-size particles gather<BR>in large communities
inside organisms and different ecological niches,<BR>coordinating with their
hosts, symbiosising into new functioning wholes;<BR>they travel in groups around
the globe, and upon reaching new places they<BR>pass messages on from where
they’ve been, coordinating with their new<BR>communities. They seed clouds, and
impact global temperature and rainfall,<BR>and in so doing provide resources for
the communities of nano-size<BR>particles below.<BR><BR>*Mary*: That’s a cool
visual.<BR><BR>*Giovanni: *Isn’t pharmaceuticals and synthetic agriculture
fertilizers<BR>creating a lot of problems in our environment, and destroying
environmental<BR>microbiomes.<BR><BR>*Mary* : Yes indeed it is. As scientists
figure out the large role microbes<BR>have on our climate I think it will kick
off a climate movement to get off<BR>our dependence on pharmaceuticals and
synthetic agriculture fertilizers.<BR><BR>*Ching Wu: *It’s time for a cutting
edge *earth-climate microbiome*<BR>research programme for microbiologists and
climate scientists to coordinate<BR>on.<BR><BR>*Sam*: This picture of the earth
microbiome regulating the climate is<BR>blowing my mind, its nothing like what I
learnt in school.<BR><BR>….<BR><BR>This is a reader supported publication. Your
support helps research and<BR>independent journalism.<BR>Upgrade to
paid<BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9jbGltYXRld2F0ZXJwcm9qZWN0LnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9zdWJzY3JpYmU_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.Hdi4V3QIrOrPXdBzFSSxSzwCg8HYTSdx0v2tHtdfj7o?&utm_medium=email&utm_source=subscribe-widget&utm_content=166212274"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9jbGltYXRld2F0ZXJwcm9qZWN0LnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9zdWJzY3JpYmU_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.Hdi4V3QIrOrPXdBzFSSxSzwCg8HYTSdx0v2tHtdfj7o?&utm_medium=email&utm_source=subscribe-widget&utm_content=166212274</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>><BR><BR>Share<BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=532863&post_id=166212274&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&utm_campaign=email-share&action=share&triggerShare=true&isFreemail=true&r=4bkunu&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNjEzMTMzMzgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE2NjIxMjI3NCwiaWF0IjoxNzUyNzIzMzEwLCJleHAiOjE3NTUzMTUzMTAsImlzcyI6InB1Yi01MzI4NjMiLCJzdWIiOiJwb3N0LXJlYWN0aW9uIn0.-QVMidvlUl7kDaCTyaUPK9kCmkeyZP_JCal91EFNdzI"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=532863&post_id=166212274&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&utm_campaign=email-share&action=share&triggerShare=true&isFreemail=true&r=4bkunu&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNjEzMTMzMzgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE2NjIxMjI3NCwiaWF0IjoxNzUyNzIzMzEwLCJleHAiOjE3NTUzMTUzMTAsImlzcyI6InB1Yi01MzI4NjMiLCJzdWIiOiJwb3N0LXJlYWN0aW9uIn0.-QVMidvlUl7kDaCTyaUPK9kCmkeyZP_JCal91EFNdzI</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>><BR><BR>References<BR><BR>[1] Joseph, C. M., &
Phillips, D. A. (2003). Metabolites from soil bacteria<BR>affect plant water
relations<BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/redirect/701dfa93-6548-4e01-99a5-a27e52fb9eac?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/redirect/701dfa93-6548-4e01-99a5-a27e52fb9eac?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>>.<BR>*Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 41*(2),
189-192<BR><BR>[2] Williams, Hywel TP, and Timothy M. Lenton. "The Flask model:
emergence<BR>of nutrient‐recycling microbial ecosystems and their disruption
by<BR>environment‐altering ‘rebel’organisms.<BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/redirect/fd010897-38ba-42cf-8163-63b5fcf36bee?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/redirect/fd010897-38ba-42cf-8163-63b5fcf36bee?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>>"<BR>*Oikos* 116, no. 7 (2007): 1087-1105<BR><BR>[3] Truu,
M, Tullus, T., Parts, T., & Sellin, A. (2017). Elevated Air<BR>Humidity
Changes Soil Bacterial Community Structure in the Silver
Birch<BR>Stand<BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/redirect/4d001b6d-d204-43d7-86ff-cfa5194005ef?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/redirect/4d001b6d-d204-43d7-86ff-cfa5194005ef?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>>.<BR>*Frontiers in Microbiology, 8*,
557<BR><BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>You're currently a free subscriber to Climate Water
Project<BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/redirect/f3ce0e6c-e0ec-41f6-a071-a1469c6f01ff?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/redirect/f3ce0e6c-e0ec-41f6-a071-a1469c6f01ff?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>>.<BR>For the full experience, upgrade your
subscription.<BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9jbGltYXRld2F0ZXJwcm9qZWN0LnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9zdWJzY3JpYmU_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.Hdi4V3QIrOrPXdBzFSSxSzwCg8HYTSdx0v2tHtdfj7o?&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=postcta"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9jbGltYXRld2F0ZXJwcm9qZWN0LnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9zdWJzY3JpYmU_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.Hdi4V3QIrOrPXdBzFSSxSzwCg8HYTSdx0v2tHtdfj7o?&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=postcta</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>><BR><BR>Upgrade to paid<BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9jbGltYXRld2F0ZXJwcm9qZWN0LnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9zdWJzY3JpYmU_dXRtX3NvdXJjZT1wb3N0JnV0bV9jYW1wYWlnbj1lbWFpbC1jaGVja291dCZuZXh0PWh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGY2xpbWF0ZXdhdGVycHJvamVjdC5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20lMkZwJTJGaXMtdGhlLWVhcnRoLW1pY3JvYmlvbWUtcmVndWxhdGluZyZyPTRia3VudSZ0b2tlbj1leUoxYzJWeVgybGtJam95TmpFek1UTXpNemdzSW1saGRDSTZNVGMxTWpjeU16TXhNQ3dpWlhod0lqb3hOelUxTXpFMU16RXdMQ0pwYzNNaU9pSndkV0l0TlRNeU9EWXpJaXdpYzNWaUlqb2lZMmhsWTJ0dmRYUWlmUS4zMXlkWTVvNF9lTklpNmlsdkRUNUdETW84dHdNUnhva19QWjl3a1N0NG1rIiwicCI6MTY2MjEyMjc0LCJzIjo1MzI4NjMsImYiOnRydWUsInUiOjI2MTMxMzMzOCwiaWF0IjoxNzUyNzIzMzEwLCJleHAiOjIwNjgyOTkzMTAsImlzcyI6InB1Yi0wIiwic3ViIjoibGluay1yZWRpcmVjdCJ9.Hdi4V3QIrOrPXdBzFSSxSzwCg8HYTSdx0v2tHtdfj7o?&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=postcta"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9jbGltYXRld2F0ZXJwcm9qZWN0LnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9zdWJzY3JpYmU_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.Hdi4V3QIrOrPXdBzFSSxSzwCg8HYTSdx0v2tHtdfj7o?&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=postcta</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>><BR><BR>Like<BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=532863&post_id=166212274&utm_source=substack&isFreemail=true&submitLike=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNjEzMTMzMzgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE2NjIxMjI3NCwicmVhY3Rpb24iOiLinaQiLCJpYXQiOjE3NTI3MjMzMTAsImV4cCI6MTc1NTMxNTMxMCwiaXNzIjoicHViLTUzMjg2MyIsInN1YiI6InJlYWN0aW9uIn0.GK-7A9P1gnISYlKUOqFLEUkWoeAap2x4eh4l895Vm6Y&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=email-reaction&r=4bkunu"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=532863&post_id=166212274&utm_source=substack&isFreemail=true&submitLike=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNjEzMTMzMzgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE2NjIxMjI3NCwicmVhY3Rpb24iOiLinaQiLCJpYXQiOjE3NTI3MjMzMTAsImV4cCI6MTc1NTMxNTMxMCwiaXNzIjoicHViLTUzMjg2MyIsInN1YiI6InJlYWN0aW9uIn0.GK-7A9P1gnISYlKUOqFLEUkWoeAap2x4eh4l895Vm6Y&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=email-reaction&r=4bkunu</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>><BR><BR>Comment<BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=532863&post_id=166212274&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&isFreemail=true&comments=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNjEzMTMzMzgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE2NjIxMjI3NCwiaWF0IjoxNzUyNzIzMzEwLCJleHAiOjE3NTUzMTUzMTAsImlzcyI6InB1Yi01MzI4NjMiLCJzdWIiOiJwb3N0LXJlYWN0aW9uIn0.-QVMidvlUl7kDaCTyaUPK9kCmkeyZP_JCal91EFNdzI&r=4bkunu&utm_campaign=email-half-magic-comments&action=post-comment&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=532863&post_id=166212274&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&isFreemail=true&comments=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNjEzMTMzMzgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE2NjIxMjI3NCwiaWF0IjoxNzUyNzIzMzEwLCJleHAiOjE3NTUzMTUzMTAsImlzcyI6InB1Yi01MzI4NjMiLCJzdWIiOiJwb3N0LXJlYWN0aW9uIn0.-QVMidvlUl7kDaCTyaUPK9kCmkeyZP_JCal91EFNdzI&r=4bkunu&utm_campaign=email-half-magic-comments&action=post-comment&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>><BR><BR>Restack<BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9vcGVuLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9wdWIvY2xpbWF0ZXdhdGVycHJvamVjdC9wL2lzLXRoZS1lYXJ0aC1taWNyb2Jpb21lLXJlZ3VsYXRpbmc_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.bikYM9AdFWqwFMzGBEHxHFl2AZg6K-1N7LkgMEhVF6w?&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9vcGVuLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9wdWIvY2xpbWF0ZXdhdGVycHJvamVjdC9wL2lzLXRoZS1lYXJ0aC1taWNyb2Jpb21lLXJlZ3VsYXRpbmc_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.bikYM9AdFWqwFMzGBEHxHFl2AZg6K-1N7LkgMEhVF6w?&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>><BR><BR><BR>© 2025 Alpha Lo<BR>548 Market Street PMB
72296, San Francisco, CA 94104<BR>Unsubscribe<BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.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.u-jH5eDVxT1qLVT_ZNebpa-cGn_sn6IutYSBFfkh6qM"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.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.u-jH5eDVxT1qLVT_ZNebpa-cGn_sn6IutYSBFfkh6qM</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>?><BR><BR>[image: Get the app]<BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/redirect/f21e9339-4ac9-475c-b73d-8616ce0663b3?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8>[image"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/redirect/f21e9339-4ac9-475c-b73d-8616ce0663b3?j=eyJ1IjoiNGJrdW51In0.KOZfO-6JEyvRhEuUjLb8gW_imryoGpxZHT_51sl73y8>[image</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>:<BR>Start writing]<BR><</FONT><A
href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vc2lnbnVwP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U9c3Vic3RhY2smdXRtX21lZGl1bT1lbWFpbCZ1dG1fY29udGVudD1mb290ZXImdXRtX2NhbXBhaWduPWF1dG9maWxsZWQtZm9vdGVyJmZyZWVTaWdudXBFbWFpbD1idWxhdC55ZXNzZWtpbkBnbWFpbC5jb20mcj00Ymt1bnUiLCJwIjoxNjYyMTIyNzQsInMiOjUzMjg2MywiZiI6dHJ1ZSwidSI6MjYxMzEzMzM4LCJpYXQiOjE3NTI3MjMzMTAsImV4cCI6MjA2ODI5OTMxMCwiaXNzIjoicHViLTAiLCJzdWIiOiJsaW5rLXJlZGlyZWN0In0.9ah7hqvTsAkrqFu8NoVcauyE2l62dY41A8fwDRM4E6c"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vc2lnbnVwP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U9c3Vic3RhY2smdXRtX21lZGl1bT1lbWFpbCZ1dG1fY29udGVudD1mb290ZXImdXRtX2NhbXBhaWduPWF1dG9maWxsZWQtZm9vdGVyJmZyZWVTaWdudXBFbWFpbD1idWxhdC55ZXNzZWtpbkBnbWFpbC5jb20mcj00Ymt1bnUiLCJwIjoxNjYyMTIyNzQsInMiOjUzMjg2MywiZiI6dHJ1ZSwidSI6MjYxMzEzMzM4LCJpYXQiOjE3NTI3MjMzMTAsImV4cCI6MjA2ODI5OTMxMCwiaXNzIjoicHViLTAiLCJzdWIiOiJsaW5rLXJlZGlyZWN0In0.9ah7hqvTsAkrqFu8NoVcauyE2l62dY41A8fwDRM4E6c</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>?><BR><BR><BR><BR>--<BR>Чтобы посмотреть обсуждение,
перейдите по ссылке<BR></FONT><A
href="https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/seu-international/CAOEkFvVm5dKnmS9_%2BXXafKbj9KVLrafwqnkoeBN%3DeAPdkci8yA%40mail.gmail.com"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/seu-international/CAOEkFvVm5dKnmS9_%2BXXafKbj9KVLrafwqnkoeBN%3DeAPdkci8yA%40mail.gmail.com</FONT></A><BR><FONT
size=2 face=Arial><</FONT><A
href="https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/seu-international/CAOEkFvVm5dKnmS9_%2BXXafKbj9KVLrafwqnkoeBN%3DeAPdkci8yA%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer"><FONT
size=2
face=Arial>https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/seu-international/CAOEkFvVm5dKnmS9_%2BXXafKbj9KVLrafwqnkoeBN%3DeAPdkci8yA%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer</FONT></A><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>><BR>.<BR></DIV></FONT>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>От: Николай Андреевич Соболев <</FONT><A
href="mailto:sobolev_nikolas@mail.ru"><FONT size=2
face=Arial>sobolev_nikolas@mail.ru</FONT></A><FONT size=2
face=Arial>><BR>Date: чт, 17 июл. 2025 г. в 08:39<BR>Subject: Re: Мы ходячие
экосистемы (как микробиом регулирует климат)<BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>PS. Именно эту фразу - "Мы ходячие экосистемы"
- я слышал еще в начале 2000-х то ли от В.В.Хлебовича, то ли
Я.И.Старобогатова. Судя по приводимой здесь ссылке - об этом была работа в
2007 г. Поэтому вряд ли данная идея как-то связана с более
поздней теорией биотической регуляции В.Г.Горшкова, о чем пишет
Булат. Однако, всё это интересно в плане развития подхода. Отмечу
также что немало статей на тему, что мы ходячие экосистемы, публикуется и
медицинских и физиологических журналах (и про то, что кушать надо с умом, и
что антибиотики нарушают внутренний биом и т.п.).</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Вл</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV></BODY></HTML>