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<DIV>Леса, водные ресурсы и климат: время для переосмысления.</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Выводы<BR>• Наука о климате находится на перепутье, и у нее есть редкая
возможность изменить свою траекторию в сторону более ориентированного на
биосферу подхода.<BR>• Естественные леса защищают климат, регулируя влажность
атмосферы, перенос влаги и образование облаков.<BR>• Научно обоснованное
противодействие крупномасштабным проектам по обезлесению является сложной
задачей из-за политического и экономического давления, но абсолютно
необходимой.<BR>• Экологическая стабильность, обеспечиваемая естественными
лесами, способствует экономическому планированию и защищает долгосрочные
инвестиции.<BR>• Международное и междисциплинарное сотрудничество нуждается в
масштабных объединяющих идеях — леса как стабилизаторы климата могли бы стать
одним из них.</DIV>
<DIV>Свет <BR></DIV><BR>
<DIV class=gmail_quote>
<DIV dir=ltr class=gmail_attr>От: <B dir=auto class=gmail_sendername>Anastassia
Makarieva</B> <SPAN dir=auto><<A href="mailto:bioticregulation@substack.com"
target=_blank>bioticregulation@substack.com</A>></SPAN><BR>Date: ср, 28 мая
2025 г. в 13:47<BR>Subject: Forests, Water, and Climate: Time for
Re-Conceptualization<BR>To: <<A href="mailto:svetfrog@gmail.com"
target=_blank>svetfrog@gmail.com</A>><BR></DIV><BR><BR>
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contribution to CIFOR Science Days 2025: video (21 min) and edited
narrative with slides</H3>
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28</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD>
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src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideShare2%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2"
width=18 height=18></A></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD>
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<TD style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle">
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<TD align=middle><A
style="BOX-SIZING: border-box; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid; MIN-WIDTH: 38px; BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 9px; LINE-HEIGHT: 1; TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 38px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline-block; FONT-FAMILY: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol'; COLOR: rgb(119,119,119); FONT-SIZE: 12px; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; FONT-WEIGHT: 500; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 9px; border-radius: 9999px"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9vcGVuLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9wdWIvYmlvdGljcmVndWxhdGlvbi9wL2ZvcmVzdHMtd2F0ZXItYW5kLWNsaW1hdGUtdGltZS1mb3I_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.uYpdV6xWvXfAvOVcuont9xvqODXvTT2jBPLvjCUgmLw?&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email"
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src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FNoteForwardIcon%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2"
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href="https://open.substack.com/pub/bioticregulation/p/forests-water-and-climate-time-for?utm_source=email&redirect=app-store&utm_campaign=email-read-in-app"
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<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MIN-HEIGHT: 18px; DISPLAY: inline-block; MAX-WIDTH: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 16px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle"></DIV><SPAN
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; MARGIN-RIGHT: 4px">READ
IN APP</SPAN><IMG
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; MIN-WIDTH: 18px; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MIN-HEIGHT: 18px; MAX-WIDTH: 18px; MARGIN-LEFT: 0px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; BORDER-TOP: medium none; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none"
alt=""
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideArrowUpRight%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2"
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<TD style="LINE-HEIGHT: 0; FONT-SIZE: 0px"
height=16> </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
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dir=auto>
<DIV
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dir=auto>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">First
of all, I must say that it is a great honour for me to speak at this
conference and to share my views with people who I know deeply acknowledge
the existential importance of forests. </P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">We're
meeting at a time when not only the global mean surface temperature has
reached a new high, but also the rate of the warming has been rapidly
increasing. While Douglas was talking about water availability and
regional perspectives on how important water is for everybody, I will
provide a more global perspective on how forests and water could be
relevant in this global context of increasing emergency.</P>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 32px auto; FONT-SIZE: 16px">
<TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" width=1456 align=left><A
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/30d454bc-0ca3-4e32-bcbf-6bb10a4b6676?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank><IMG
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: auto !important; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 100% !important; HEIGHT: auto; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none"
alt=""
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8486d4ff-ac44-4efc-a793-316d0c8bcfc3_1460x803.png"
width=550 height=302></A></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">What
is essential about the current climate situation is that not only the rate
of warming has been increasing – on this graph to the right, you can see
the recent trend in the Earth's energy imbalance. It has been increasing.
It has actually doubled in recent decades. But what is also important is
that climate models are not able to describe it. They're failing to
describe this crucial process.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>And
then we should ask, why do we need to re-focus on forests and water? Why
are we having this session today, </SPAN><B>“Cool forests: Beyond
carbon”</B><SPAN>? From my perspective, this is a recognition of two
things. First, that so far we have been largely focusing on carbon.
Second, that we have overlooked something very essential.</SPAN></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">Our
long-term focus on carbon reflected guidance from global climate models
that for many years have been the main tool of how we understand climate.
These models unambiguously tell us that that forest impacts on climate are
negligible if we are talking about anything beyond carbon.</P>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 32px auto; FONT-SIZE: 16px">
<TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" width=1456 align=left><A
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/292105a1-a873-4e96-b07c-2cbae80e1e57?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank><IMG
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: auto !important; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 100% !important; HEIGHT: auto; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none"
alt=""
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F000f0dd1-2db5-4f57-8f1a-d5f2559a7c2d_1476x834.png"
width=550 height=310></A></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">You
can see here a figure from a major report and these yellow marks indicate
the non-carbon forest contribution to the global temperature change. It is
at best a few percent of what’s really going on. We are now talking about
a 1.5-degree-Kelvin warming that happened in the last century, while
models say that deforestation beyond carbon could have contributed one
tenth of a degree at most (and this would likely be cooling).</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><B>If
the models were doing fine describing climate, and as they are telling us
that forests don't matter except as stores of carbon, we could hardly
argue for focusing more on water and its role in climate. But the models
are not doing fine.</B></P>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 32px auto; FONT-SIZE: 16px">
<TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" width=1441 align=left><A
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/5afba2e8-07b8-47ac-b396-4a0dcc5db333?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank><IMG
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: auto !important; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 100% !important; HEIGHT: auto; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none"
alt=""
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4326ad8-52ab-4d06-9317-b0bd7a8040cd_1441x859.png"
width=550 height=327></A></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">What
I want to show you here is a compilation of how different global climate
models predict response to deforestation in terms of how much of water
vapor will be transported from the ocean. You can see that not only the
magnitude of the response differs by more than an order of magnitude
across models, but even the sign is not predicted. In other words, we
can't know from models what happens to the water cycle if we deforest
land. They don't provide any guidance. There is no robust response.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">Accordingly,
there is a growing recognition in the scientific community that models
alone may not be a trusted source of guidance concerning the climate. Here
you can see quotes from high profile scientists who draw attention to the
fact that our understanding of what's going on, of the key processes
behind climate change, has been lagging behind formal numerical
modelling.</P>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 32px auto; FONT-SIZE: 16px">
<TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" width=1456 align=left><A
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/0db01fc0-4284-49ab-b605-bf5fbf3a5395?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank><IMG
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: auto !important; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 100% !important; HEIGHT: auto; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none"
alt=""
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc77e241b-1cc9-46f2-872f-e1b6ac012a7b_1481x767.png"
width=550 height=284></A></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">We're
at the point of re-prioritizing understanding from first principles
supported by empirical evidence. Analysis of multidisciplinary evidence
requires clear theoretical concepts and thinking frameworks.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">From
my perspective, one of such unifying concepts could be the idea of natural
ecosystems, primarily forests that are the most productive ecosystems,
serving as climate stabilizers. Their loss in the course of land use and
land cover change as well as in the course of oceanic exploitation, if we
are talking about the ecosystems of the ocean, has become a major driver
of climate destabilization.</P>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 32px auto; FONT-SIZE: 16px">
<TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" width=1440 align=left><A
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/9fbe567c-3536-4d84-9507-8aaf26ef7cb6?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank><IMG
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: auto !important; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 100% !important; HEIGHT: auto; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none"
alt=""
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1066fe4d-1b14-42d1-855b-5391e1ca1b53_1440x837.png"
width=550 height=319></A></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">Here
we are talking not just about global warming but about destabilization in
the broader sense, including the increasing frequency of droughts, floods
and other water related cataclysms and long-term trends like soil moisture
loss.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">Now
let me show very schematically how the forest can enter the current vision
of global warming. This is the hardcore physics part of my talk, so please
bear with me for a moment; it will be just for a few minutes.</P>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 32px auto; FONT-SIZE: 16px">
<TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" width=1456 align=left><A
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/8d82c537-938a-4b70-b7b7-154e0ab0ec73?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank><IMG
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: auto !important; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 100% !important; HEIGHT: auto; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none"
alt=""
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F16d78116-2f7e-4017-9889-72ad01146fa8_1457x839.png"
width=550 height=316></A></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">In
this graph to the right, you can see how air temperature depends on height
in the atmosphere of the Earth. </P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">In
the steady state, the Earth receives as much energy from the Sun as it
releases back to space. </P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">The
heat released from the Earth to space comes from the upper radiating
layer, which you can think of as where the greenhouse gases molecules sit
that radiate directly to space. Nobody catches this radiation and nobody
resends it back to the Earth. </P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><B>The
higher the temperature of this layer, the more heat it will
release.</B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">When
we add more greenhouse substances, this layer goes up. It goes up and
becomes colder. At this point the Earth releases less energy than it
receives and it begins to warm. This warming goes to the surface through
this red line, which is the how temperature declines with height.</P>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 32px auto; FONT-SIZE: 16px">
<TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" width=1430 align=left><A
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/5c70c866-d949-43bc-99ac-e4e8cad03fc4?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank><IMG
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: auto !important; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 100% !important; HEIGHT: auto; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none"
alt=""
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd06fb0e2-417e-4adf-ae46-efb7e2cfb6dc_1430x819.png"
width=550 height=315></A></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">The
slope of this red line shows how fast the air temperature declines with
height. We have warming until the temperature of this upper radiative
layer is again equal to the equilibrium temperature. </P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>This
is the classical conventional view of the greenhouse effect, which
describes the impact of the increasing CO</SPAN><SUB
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 0; FONT-SIZE: 0.75em">2</SUB><SPAN>.</SPAN></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">Now
going to the central scheme, we have clouds. What do clouds do? Clouds
reflect more sunlight, so they change the equilibrium temperature of this
upper layer. Even if we don't change the height of this layer from which
the radiation goes to space, still we can change the surface temperature
by reflecting more sunlight.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">If
there are forests and they're making clouds, then the temperature is lower
and their surfaces are cooler. And if we remove forests and remove clouds,
there is more sunlight absorbed and there is warming.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">So
one thing is clouds.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">Second
thing, you can see from the geometry that we not only can move this line,
the grey one, not only can we move the blue one, but we can also move the
red line, which is how the temperature changes with height when there is
transpiration.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">Forests
capture a certain part of solar energy at the surface in the form of what
is called latent heat. This latent heat is then released during
condensation higher in the troposphere from where it later goes unimpeded
to space.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">Thus
by transpiration forests smooth the temperature lapse rate and thus cause
cooling. If we reduce transpiration, then more heat remains at the
surface, the temperature lapse rate becomes steeper, and we have
warming.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">Both
effects (of transpiration and clouds) will be global and both effects will
involve how forests handle water.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">Now
let me show that both effects are very real and significant. </P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>First,
if we are looking at clouds, we have evidence that the record heat in 2023
could have been facilitated by a </SPAN><A
style="COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/3828df24-650f-4cba-8c46-658097e5d6b2?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank>biospheric breakdown</A><SPAN>, because we know that
in this year the Amazon suffered an unprecedented drought and there were
unprecedented forest fires in Canada. In both cases, transpiration and
cloud formation were drastically reduced.</SPAN></P>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 32px auto; FONT-SIZE: 16px">
<TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" width=1456 align=left><A
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/bbab9066-6258-4db2-baf1-139b228b7ccf?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank><IMG
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: auto !important; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 100% !important; HEIGHT: auto; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none"
alt=""
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F55ca3276-5eab-42cf-a0a1-48f97daac64e_1488x847.png"
width=550 height=313></A></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">We
can see that cloud cover was reduced over the Amazon and the adjacent
oceanic regions. There is an additional hotspot of cloud reduction over
Canada.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">This
is backed up by our knowledge of how efficient forests are in generating
low level clouds that cool the earth. We can see that the the more
productive forests are, the more efficient they are in generating clouds.
While when we change them for non-forest systems the generation of cloud
cover is drastically reduced.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">Now
regarding transpiration and the role of atmospheric moisture transport.
Here again we can see that energy captured as latent heat through
transpiration at the surface goes up to the atmosphere and is released to
space from the upper atmosphere.</P>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 32px auto; FONT-SIZE: 16px">
<TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" width=1407 align=left><A
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/f500a024-493e-4e79-acfe-f739b348a86f?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank><IMG
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: auto !important; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 100% !important; HEIGHT: auto; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none"
alt=""
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb2523409-023d-4c26-bc81-fb20d9f2b140_1407x873.png"
width=550 height=341></A></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><I><SPAN>A
new biotic pump film from Ray Asselin is </SPAN><A
style="COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/62c3ea07-9053-4f83-8b4a-bd88fb4e8cb0?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank>available</A><SPAN> on Youtube</SPAN></I></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">But
this process does take time. If there is a long-range regular flow of
moist air from the ocean to land and back via the upper atmosphere, this
heat has time to be released and thus cools the Earth.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">If
we deforest and disrupt this long-range moisture transport, and this is
what we find in observations, precipitation will be more rigorous over the
deforested areas, but only locally. These more rigorous upward and
downward motions will be so rapid that the heat won’t have time to be
released to space from the upper atmosphere and it will return to the
surface with the downdrafts. This will cause an increase in the
temperature lapse rate and cause global warming.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>As
we showed in a </SPAN><A
style="COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/700f84e3-74e2-44ad-9655-08b2d7edd4c0?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank>recent study</A><SPAN>, the models don't capture this
effect, and the trend in lapse rate is indeed unexplained and it is very
significant, especially over land. Thus, there are strong lines of
evidence that when we deforest and when we disrupt the moisture flows
associated with transpiration, this produces globally significant
effects.</SPAN></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">From
these more specific examples, I want to get closer to the conclusions and
to the more general concepts generally for these biospheric climate
regulating processes.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">Forests
require water to function, and the capacity of forests to manage its water
balance naturally declines when we begin to disturb them – by logging,
burning or disturbing them in some other ways. This leads to climate
destabilization through disruption in the water cycle, which can be
incorporated into the global change narrative using the notion of climate
sensitivity.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>Climate
sensitivity describes how much the planet warms if the CO</SPAN><SUB
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 0; FONT-SIZE: 0.75em">2</SUB><SPAN> concentration
doubles. This can be calculated from models and the models differ greatly
in these estimates. [You can read more about how different models describe
climate sensitivity in </SPAN><A
style="COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/e9cee669-b152-454e-a6a6-99742e677bab?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank>this post</A><SPAN>.]</SPAN></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>In
the current narrative, -- this will be the simpler part without formula or
anything -- if this guy is CO</SPAN><SUB
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 0; FONT-SIZE: 0.75em">2</SUB><SPAN> and this is the
Earth and this arrow is warming, the more CO</SPAN><SUB
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 0; FONT-SIZE: 0.75em">2</SUB><SPAN>, the more warming.
This is how the current narrative has it.</SPAN></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>If
we include the ecosystems and incorporate the biosphere, we will see that
there are different situations: sometimes it is more “difficult” for a
given amount of CO</SPAN><SUB
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 0; FONT-SIZE: 0.75em">2</SUB><SPAN> to warm the
planet, and sometimes it is less difficult.</SPAN></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>If
we destroy forests and remove their climate-regulating potential, we will
get more warming and more climate extremes for the same CO</SPAN><SUB
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 0; FONT-SIZE: 0.75em">2</SUB><SPAN>
addition.</SPAN></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">In
the current narrative, we focus on decarbonization, while biodiversity and
forests are a minor thing which we only consider as something of secondary
importance.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>In
the narrative that incorporates the biosphere, our key strategy is to
preserve ecosystems to decrease climate sensitivity to CO</SPAN><SUB
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 0; FONT-SIZE: 0.75em">2</SUB><SPAN> accumulation. The
more forests, functional forests, self-regenerating forests we have, the
more stable our climate. [Further reading: </SPAN><A
style="COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/d08a402d-bbcf-4560-9e5f-c3e9083273db?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank>“Natural ecosystems and climate
stabilization”</A><SPAN>]</SPAN></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">Conversely,
the more we take from the ecosystem, the fewer resources it has to buffer
climate extremes.</P>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 32px auto; FONT-SIZE: 16px">
<TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" width=1456 align=left><A
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/6d7a3551-2544-489d-833c-0a225c61baef?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank><IMG
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: auto !important; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 100% !important; HEIGHT: auto; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none"
alt=""
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad845099-4f19-480d-b6e6-1c310f1ff603_1513x833.png"
width=550 height=302></A></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>If
we saw this 2023 anomaly after a drought in the Amazon forest that was
mercilessly plundered, especially during the Bolsonaro times with
increasing logging and burning, then now if we have this </SPAN><A
style="COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/d8a0a56e-b89c-4f7e-8bf0-c1228f0efc04?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank>large-scale deforestation project</A><SPAN> in
Indonesia (MIFEE), we are explicitly asking for more acute global
warming.</SPAN></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>Ironically,
these terrible developments are facilitated by the carbon-focused
narrative. Much of the argumentation behind this </SPAN><A
style="COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/d8a0a56e-b89c-4f7e-8bf0-c1228f0efc04?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank>huge deforestation project in Indonesia</A><SPAN> is
that they will have green fuel, like a renewable fuel, but instead this
will actually destabilize our planet even further.</SPAN></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">The
conclusions would be that it so happened that the evidence that we now
have shows that climate science is in need of conceptual rethinking and
that there is a rare opportunity that its trajectory moves towards
recognizing a greater role of the biosphere.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">And
we need to know this, how imperfect the models are and not be afraid of
bringing evidence from different fields of knowledge, which people working
on the ground often get, and not afraid of talking about it because the
models are currently failing very spectacularly.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">Natural
forests buffer the climate by regulating atmospheric humidity, moisture
transport and cloud formation. It is crucial to stand up scientifically
against large-scale deforestation projects.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">Also
because, and it is another thing I want to mention, if we don't raise the
importance of forests in the global climate agenda, we can't hope that any
funding that currently goes to climate issues will go to the forests.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">If
we demonstrate that forests are crucial players, this may totally change
the flow of funds towards their preservation and restoration. Currently,
the widely spread argumentation that I showed in the very beginning, that
they are not contributing anything to climate except being a carbon
storage, is depriving the forest topic of any significant funding,
including research funding.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">Meanwhile,
environmental stability provided by natural forests will support long term
economic planning and protect investments, especially in the long term. I
think that international and interdisciplinary collaboration need some
clear concepts, some unifying ideas. Probably, forests as climate
stabilizers could be one.</P>
<H4
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.16em; MARGIN: 1em 0px 0.62em; FONT-FAMILY: 'SF Pro Display',-apple-system-headline,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol'; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 1.12em; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Conclusions</H4>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><B>•Climate
science is at a crossroads, with a rare opportunity to shift its
trajectory toward a more biosphere-oriented approach.</B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><B>•Natural
forests buffer the climate by regulating atmospheric humidity, moisture
transport and cloud formation.</B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><B>•Standing
up scientifically against large-scale deforestation projects is
challenging due to political and economic pressures — but absolutely
essential.</B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><B>•The
environmental stability provided by natural forests supports economic
planning and protects long-term investments.</B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><B>•International
and interdisciplinary collaboration needs big unifying ideas — forests as
climate stabilizers could be one.</B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>Thank
you very much and you can download my presentation from </SPAN><A
style="COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/f37c8eb5-78b0-4969-8466-3625f280dba9?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank>https://bioticregulation.ru/cifor2025.pdf</A><SPAN>.
It contains references to all publications that I have referred
to.</SPAN></P>
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 1em; DIRECTION: ltr; FONT-SIZE: 16px">
<DIV
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<P class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"></P>
<DIV class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container">-- <BR>Вы получили это сообщение,
поскольку подписаны на группу "seu-international".</DIV>
<DIV class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><BR> </DIV>
<DIV class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><FONT size=2 face=Arial>
<DIV>От: <B dir=auto class=gmail_sendername>Svet Zabelin</B> <SPAN
dir=auto><<A
href="mailto:svetfrog@gmail.com">svetfrog@gmail.com</A>></SPAN><BR>Date: ср,
28 мая 2025 г. в 14:10<BR>Subject: Fwd: Forests, Water, and Climate: Time for
Re-Conceptualization<BR></DIV></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"> </DIV></DIV></BODY></HTML>