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<DIV align=center> NEWSLETTER | JANUARY 17,
2025</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
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<H1
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Darling 58 Debacle</H1>
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<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lato','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN></SPAN>LATE
ONE FRIDAY evening in December 2023, the
American Chestnut Foundation (TACF) issued a
stunning press release announcing the end of a
years-long effort to genetically engineer a
disease-resistant American chestnut tree.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lato','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 16px">For
years, researchers have been trying to figure
out a way to save the tree, an iconic North
American species that has been devastated by
blight. But the modified trees that the
foundation was experimenting with, dubbed
“Darling 58,” were defective. Their growth was
stunted, they had lost their ability to fight
off disease, and many of them had died. For
proponents of genetic engineering (GE), the news
was a major setback. To those of us who prefer
less extreme measures, however, it was a
reprieve.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lato','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 16px">Until
the early 1900s, the American chestnut tree was
common across the Eastern United States and was
an important component of the forest ecosystem
that provided food for Indigenous peoples as
well as for wildlife.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lato','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 16px">Then
disaster hit. The spread of an introduced blight
devastated the species. This prompted dramatic
but failed attempts by scientists, foresters,
and government agencies to try to prevent the
spread of the blight, caused by a foreign fungus
called Cryphonectria parasitica, a native to
East and Southeast Asia that made its way into
Europe and North America in the early 1900s.
These efforts included cutting down countless
American chestnuts, including healthy ones that
might have been able to tolerate the
disease.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lato','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 16px">Today,
an estimated 4 million American chestnuts still
exist in the forests of the eastern US. Most of
these have sprouted from the stumps of the
felled giants, but some are large survivors that
never succumbed to the disease.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lato','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 16px">Efforts
are underway to build the population back, but
there are two camps. On one side, anti-GMO
American chestnut restoration enthusiasts are
working to bring the chestnut back naturally.
The other camp, which advocates for GE
interventions, believes in a faster approach.
And it has a lot of backing.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lato','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 16px"></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lato','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 16px"></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; BACKGROUND-COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lato','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 5pt; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
align=center><EM>Anne Petermann, co-founder and
executive director of Global Justice
Ecology Project, reports on the lessons
learned from <SPAN>failed attempts to
genetically engineer the American
chestnut.</SPAN></EM></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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MORE</A></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lato','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><STRONG><SPAN>Photo
by </SPAN></STRONG><A style="COLOR: #8dc7de"
href="https://donate.earthisland.org/s/3255240/ylSaW5VM"
rel=noreferrer
target=_blank><STRONG><SPAN>Heather Wharram /
Alamy</SPAN></STRONG></A></P>
<P
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title="SUGGESTED BROWSING"
rel=noreferrer>SUGGESTED BROWSING</A>
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE
style="MIN-WIDTH: 100%; BORDER-SPACING: 0 !important; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse !important"
border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; PADDING-TOP: 9px"
vAlign=top>
<TABLE
style="MIN-WIDTH: 100%; BORDER-SPACING: 0 !important; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse !important; MAX-WIDTH: 100%"
border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%"
align=left>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD
style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 9px; PADDING-LEFT: 18px; PADDING-RIGHT: 18px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
vAlign=top>
<H1
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 5px 0px; FONT-FAMILY: merriweather,georgia,times new roman,serif; LETTER-SPACING: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 25px; FONT-WEIGHT: 700"
align=left><STRONG><A
style="COLOR: #5e9aab; TEXT-DECORATION: none"
href="https://donate.earthisland.org/s/3255241/ylSaW5VM"
rel=noreferrer target=_blank>A Map for the Future
</A></STRONG></H1>
<DIV align=left>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lato','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN></SPAN>“Los
Angeles is sometimes painted as a soulless sprawl
of freeway overpasses and parking lots. I always
find that a lazy take, neither fresh nor
accurate.” <SPAN>As we try to understand the
enormous disaster unfolding in Los Angeles, writer
Michael Oates Palmer provides a lay of the land.
</SPAN>(<A style="COLOR: #8dc7de"
href="https://bittersoutherner.com/2025/some-maps-of-los-angeles"
rel=noreferrer target=_blank><EM>Bitter
Southerner</EM></A>)</P></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE
style="MIN-WIDTH: 100%; BORDER-SPACING: 0 !important; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse !important"
border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; PADDING-TOP: 9px"
vAlign=top>
<TABLE
style="MIN-WIDTH: 100%; BORDER-SPACING: 0 !important; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse !important; MAX-WIDTH: 100%"
border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%"
align=left>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD
style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 9px; PADDING-LEFT: 18px; PADDING-RIGHT: 18px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
vAlign=top>
<H1
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 5px 0px; FONT-FAMILY: merriweather,georgia,times new roman,serif; LETTER-SPACING: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 25px; FONT-WEIGHT: 700"
align=left><STRONG><A
style="COLOR: #5e9aab; TEXT-DECORATION: none"
href="https://donate.earthisland.org/s/3255242/ylSaW5VM"
rel=noreferrer target=_blank>Camp
Blues</A></STRONG></H1>
<DIV align=left>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lato','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN><SPAN><SPAN><SPAN><SPAN><SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>So
many of us long to shape our children into nature
and outdoors lovers; into little humans who would
rather spend days wading in streams and planting
vegetable gardens instead of hypnotized by
screens. But what happens when pushing them into
the outdoors also means tearing them away from the
relationships that ground them? A mother reflects.
(<A style="COLOR: #8dc7de"
href="https://hippocampusmagazine.com/2024/11/my-rock-by-monika-dutt/"
rel=noreferrer
target=_blank><EM>Hippocampus</EM></A>)</P></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE
style="MIN-WIDTH: 100%; BORDER-SPACING: 0 !important; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse !important"
border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; PADDING-TOP: 9px"
vAlign=top>
<TABLE
style="MIN-WIDTH: 100%; BORDER-SPACING: 0 !important; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse !important; MAX-WIDTH: 100%"
border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%"
align=left>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD
style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 9px; PADDING-LEFT: 18px; PADDING-RIGHT: 18px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
vAlign=top>
<H1
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 5px 0px; FONT-FAMILY: merriweather,georgia,times new roman,serif; LETTER-SPACING: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 25px; FONT-WEIGHT: 700"
align=left><STRONG><A
style="COLOR: #5e9aab; TEXT-DECORATION: none"
href="https://donate.earthisland.org/s/3255243/ylSaW5VM"
rel=noreferrer target=_blank>Stranger the Better?
</A></STRONG></H1>
<DIV align=left>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lato','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>“Weird
meat is a departure from what the cell-meat
industry originally promised. It’ll be expensive,
to start with.… It’ll feature tastes and textures
that don’t exist in nature. And it’ll be made from
animals that people aren’t used to eating. Think
crocodile, peacock, songbird, and more.” (<A
style="COLOR: #8dc7de"
href="https://thefern.org/2024/12/the-strange-future-of-lab-grown-meat/"
rel=noreferrer
target=_blank><EM>FERN</EM></A>)</SPAN><A
style="COLOR: #8dc7de"
href="https://thefern.org/2024/12/the-strange-future-of-lab-grown-meat/"
rel=noreferrer
target=_blank><SPAN></SPAN></A></P></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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<TBODY>
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<TD style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; PADDING-TOP: 9px"
vAlign=top>
<TABLE
style="MIN-WIDTH: 100%; BORDER-SPACING: 0 !important; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse !important; MAX-WIDTH: 100%"
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align=left>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD
style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 9px; PADDING-LEFT: 18px; PADDING-RIGHT: 18px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
vAlign=top>
<H1
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 5px 0px; FONT-FAMILY: merriweather,georgia,times new roman,serif; LETTER-SPACING: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 25px; FONT-WEIGHT: 700"
align=left><STRONG><A
style="COLOR: #5e9aab; TEXT-DECORATION: none"
href="https://donate.earthisland.org/s/3255244/ylSaW5VM"
rel=noreferrer target=_blank>Local
Hero</A></STRONG></H1>
<DIV align=left>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lato','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN><SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>Few
people took Diane Wilson seriously 30 years ago,
when she first started complaining about how
Formosa Plastics was polluting Texas’s Matagorda
Bay. Today, the former shrimper is directing a $50
million settlement she won from the petrochemical
giant towards reviving the ecosystem and fishing
industry there. (<A style="COLOR: #8dc7de"
href="https://www.texastribune.org/2025/01/03/texas-pollution-settlement-formosa-plastics-diane-wilson-matagorda-bay/"
rel=noreferrer target=_blank><EM>Texas
Tribune</EM></A>)<SPAN></SPAN></P></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>From: <STRONG dir=auto class=gmail_sendername>Editors, Earth Island
Journal</STRONG> <SPAN dir=auto><<A
href="mailto:editor@earthisland.org">editor@earthisland.org</A>></SPAN><BR>Date:
сб, 18 янв. 2025 г., 3:45<BR>Subject: The Darling 58
Debacle<BR><BR><BR></DIV></BODY></HTML>