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<DIV>Друзья, вот свежая статья Анастасии Макарьевой c актуальным названием.
<BR></DIV>
<DIV>В прицепке - автоперевод. <BR></DIV>
<DIV>Кто бы взялся внимательно прочитать и довести автоперевод до биологически
осмысленного?</DIV>
<DIV>Готов со-трудничать: в диалоге результаты получаются гораздо лучше.
<BR></DIV>
<DIV>Ниже - начало статьи. <BR></DIV>
<DIV>Свет </DIV>
<DIV><BR> </DIV>
<DIV>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><B>Сколько дикой природы нам нужно?<SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><B>и действительно ли мы понимаем, как она
функционирует?<SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal>Анастасия Макарьева</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal>Поскольку Новый 2025 год открывает свои горизонты, позвольте мне
высказать несколько соображений для обсуждения. Концепция биотической регуляции
дает четкое представление о том, зачем нам нужна дикая природа. Существует точка
зрения, ориентированная на углерод: мы считаем, что деревья нужны нам для
поглощения CO2 из атмосферы. Строго говоря, этот взгляд вообще не относится к
дикой природе, поскольку его логическим продолжением является вырубка деревьев
(понимаемых как “углеродные палки”) и захоронение или сжигание их, чтобы
освободить место для новых палок.</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><SPAN></SPAN> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal>Другая точка зрения заключается в том, что нам нужна дикая
природа для поддержания биоразнообразия, количества видов на Земле. У этой точки
зрения есть свои противоречия. Если взять, к примеру, бореальные и умеренные
леса, то в них не так много видов, как в тропических лесах. Мы можем безопасно
сохранить все их виды на местном уровне, скажем, в Скандинавии. Означает ли это,
что сохранившаяся дикая природа бореальных лесов не нуждается в защите?
предположение, вытекающее из концепции биотического регулирования, заключается в
том, что нам необходимо защищать естественные самоподдерживающиеся экосистемы на
территории, достаточной для того, чтобы они могли выполнять свою функцию
регулирования климата в региональном и глобальном масштабе. Иными словами, мы не
должны защищать дикую природу как экологический музей. Мы должны защищать дикую
природу как действующий механизм стабилизации климата. Важно отметить, что,
поскольку мы не совсем понимаем, как работает климатическая система, мы должны
исходить из того, что природные экосистемы будут работать наиболее эффективно,
если оставить их без нашего вмешательства. Мы никоим образом не можем улучшить
их функционирование.</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal> </P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV><BR>
<DIV class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container">
<DIV dir=ltr class=gmail_attr>От: <B dir=auto class=gmail_sendername>Anastassia
Makarieva</B> <SPAN dir=auto><<A
href="mailto:bioticregulation@substack.com">bioticregulation@substack.com</A>></SPAN><BR>Date:
чт, 2 янв. 2025 г. в 13:38<BR>Subject: How much wild nature do we
need?<BR></DIV><BR><BR>
<DIV style="font-kerning: auto"><IMG
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<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1px; DISPLAY: none; MAX-WIDTH: 0px; COLOR: #333333; MAX-HEIGHT: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 1px; OVERFLOW: hidden; opacity: 0">and
do we really understand how it functions?</DIV>
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1px; DISPLAY: none; MAX-WIDTH: 0px; COLOR: #333333; MAX-HEIGHT: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 1px; OVERFLOW: hidden; opacity: 0">͏
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͏ ͏ ͏ ͏
</DIV>
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<H1
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 36px; MARGIN: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: 'SF Pro Display',-apple-system-headline,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol'; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 32px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><A
style="COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); TEXT-DECORATION: none"
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3234926&post_id=153898815&utm_source=post-email-title&utm_campaign=email-post-title&isFreemail=true&r=2m2m42&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoxNTgwMDU4NzQsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE1Mzg5ODgxNSwiaWF0IjoxNzM1ODE0Mjc4LCJleHAiOjE3Mzg0MDYyNzgsImlzcyI6InB1Yi0zMjM0OTI2Iiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.SXXwyyQVigqW9_d98Vr6bwqkD-BCZeHZ8lcO5b019Z4"
target=_blank>How much wild nature do we need?</A></H1>
<H3
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN: 12px 0px 0px; FONT-FAMILY: 'SF Pro Display',-apple-system-headline,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol'; COLOR: #777777; FONT-SIZE: 18px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal">and
do we really understand how it functions?</H3>
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href="https://substack.com/@anastassiamakarieva"
target=_blank>Anastassia
Makarieva</A></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR>
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href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9vcGVuLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9wdWIvYmlvdGljcmVndWxhdGlvbi9wL2hvdy1tdWNoLXdpbGQtbmF0dXJlLWRvLXdlLW5lZWQ_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.moFsP-fMgMXMB6bBs2rrTjvIu7hWYHDWQJnKdYKth3w?&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email"
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<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>As
the New Year 2025 opens its horizons, please allow me to offer a few
thoughts for discussion. The concept of biotic regulation provides a
distinct perspective on why we need wilderness. There is the
carbon-centric view: we believe that we need trees to absorb CO</SPAN><SUB
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 0; FONT-SIZE: 0.75em">2</SUB><SPAN> from the
atmosphere. Strictly speaking, this view is not about wilderness or nature
at all, because its logical extension is to cut down trees (understood as
</SPAN><A style="COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/8025356e-3906-44d3-b52f-dcb3d89f65a3?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank>“carbon sticks”</A><SPAN>) and bury or burn them to
make room for new sticks.</SPAN></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>Another
view is that we need wilderness to maintain biodiversity, the number of
species on Earth. This view has its own controversies. If you take boreal
and temperate forests, for example, they don’t have as many species as
tropical forests. We can safely conserve all of their species locally,
say, in Scandinavia. Does that mean that the remaining wilderness in the
boreal forests doesn’t need to be protected?he proposition stemming from
the biotic regulation concept is that we need to protect natural
self-sustaining ecosystems in an area </SPAN><B>sufficient for them to
perform their climate-regulating function</B><SPAN> on a regional and
global scale. That is to say, we should not protect wild nature as an
ecological museum. We should protect wild nature as a working mechanism
for climate stabilization. </SPAN><I><SPAN>It is important to note that
since we do not quite understand how the climate system works, we must
assume that </SPAN><B>natural</B><SPAN> ecosystems will work most
efficiently when left </SPAN><B>without our
intervention</B><SPAN>.</SPAN></I><SPAN> We can in no way
</SPAN><I>improve</I><SPAN> their functioning.</SPAN></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">To
visualize this idea, imagine that the Earth can have several climate
states, not all of which are equally favorable to modern life. With
environmental regulation by natural ecosystems, the Earth sits comfortably
around 15 degrees Celsius as a global average surface temperature. There
is a safe potential pit in this temperature range.</P>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 32px auto; FONT-SIZE: 16px">
<TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
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<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" width=512 align=left><A
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href="https://substack.com/redirect/7cd7a9e3-0d86-4e54-8a5e-8d4a94676529?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank><IMG
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: auto !important; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 100% !important; HEIGHT: auto; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none"
alt=""
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_512,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2968abdc-863c-4326-8d84-864d7e1755c2_1137x838.png"
width=512 height=377></A></TD>
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<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>As
we disrupt natural ecosystems and impair their climate regulation
function, the pit becomes shallower and eventually disappears. If we also
add CO</SPAN><SUB style="LINE-HEIGHT: 0; FONT-SIZE: 0.75em">2</SUB><SPAN>,
which pushes the Earth toward a warmer state, we could see a sharp and
unfavorable increase in global average surface temperature.</SPAN></P>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 32px auto; FONT-SIZE: 16px">
<TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" width=511 align=left><A
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/1df11282-856c-4cd7-bb58-43638e3b72fa?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank><IMG
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: auto !important; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 100% !important; HEIGHT: auto; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none"
alt=""
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_511,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad28be7b-20f8-4105-a416-51b1740e4e25_1116x840.png"
width=511 height=384></A></TD>
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<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>The
scenario shown in the above two </SPAN><A
style="COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/a833271c-6af2-4b24-82de-29596c04b37d?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank>graphs</A><SPAN> is certainly radical*, but it
conveys the concept of why we need wilderness, and how much of it. We need
enough wilderness to provide sufficient stability for all the
environmental parameters we care about. In simple words, to ensure that
the potential pit of our existence is comfortably deep and favorably
situated in the parameter space. (E.g., precipitation in a desert can be
stably near zero, but this is not the type of stability that we would
appreciate.)</SPAN></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>Of
course, it is not just about temperature and precipitation. It is, in the
words of Chuck Pezeshki, an ultra complex </SPAN><B>multidimensional
optimization problem</B><SPAN>. Natural ecosystems simultaneously optimize
biological productivity, temperature, humidity, precipitation, cloud
cover, continental moisture transport, soil moisture, nitrogen, phosphorus
and other critically important biogens, and they also stabilize themselves
against internal disruptions (like deadly insect outbreaks).</SPAN></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>This
last aspect provides clues to the priorities of protection. All ecosystems
that are still capable of self-regeneration must be protected from our
exploitation as much as possible. Stop taking from them. They are our gold
standard, our ultimate treasure. Efforts to define this important concept
of ecosystem self-sustainability, for which we do not even have a suitable
expression, are ongoing. We hear about </SPAN><A
style="COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/284381f9-450e-4521-82ec-295051eed1e0?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank>stable forests</A><SPAN> and high-integrity forests,
and in terms of strategies, the outstanding concept of </SPAN><A
style="COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/57e6377c-e912-436c-9f03-0052e51a17f8?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank>proforestation</A><SPAN> has recently been
formulated. To this intellectual quest, the biotic regulation concept adds
the perspective of scale: we need natural ecosystems to do their job of
</SPAN><A style="COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/d5d0d516-13e6-41ed-9e1d-4a8cacf431be?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank>regulating the climate</A><SPAN> massively around the
globe.</SPAN></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">So
why is protecting natural ecosystems not a major focus of climate
negotiations? One reason for our archaically primitive views on ecosystem
functioning is that our ecological knowledge is heavily biased toward
systems that are severely disturbed by human activity. Such systems are
inherently unstable themselves and obviously do not stabilize the
environment and climate.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>Let
us have a look. The graph below depicts the extant </SPAN><A
style="COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/e216cc8a-ae42-4d5a-9a22-b2cbc0187f91?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank>intact forests</A><SPAN> that show no sign of human
interference during the satellite era. What what they are worth, these are
our proxies for natural self-sustainable forests.</SPAN></P>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 32px auto; FONT-SIZE: 16px">
<TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" width=548 align=left><A
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/2b0d19da-8f33-4b11-9c69-607d89df78dc?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank><IMG
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: auto !important; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 100% !important; HEIGHT: auto; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none"
alt=""
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_548,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69663161-b25c-4666-bb5a-5611d9e7498d_1808x997.png"
width=548 height=302></A></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>The
second </SPAN><A style="COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/c4faa6a4-3470-49a8-93e2-723790af25bd?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank>graph</A><SPAN> shows the distribution of flux towers
that measure important atmospheric processes and parameters including
evaporation, transpiration and transport of tracers like CO</SPAN><SUB
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 0; FONT-SIZE: 0.75em">2</SUB><SPAN> or biogenic
aerosols.</SPAN></P>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 32px auto; FONT-SIZE: 16px">
<TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" width=540 align=left><A
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/385e39b3-72db-4fc6-b5f9-048782ccd12a?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank><IMG
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: auto !important; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 100% !important; HEIGHT: auto; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none"
alt=""
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_540,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c291abe-3ac2-40a2-adfe-41c5438829b6_1983x1120.jpeg"
width=540 height=304></A></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>We
can see that the vast majority of measurements (translated into the vast
majority of publications and the vast majority of students doing their Phd
theses about) are made outside the regions occupied by natural forests in
areas profoundly transformed (degraded) by anthropogenic activities. I
would like to highlight one of the very few points in Siberia (Zotino, the
red dot), which Andrei Nefiodov and I visited in 2020. This flux tower is
situated in an area surrounded by secondary forests disturbed by clearcuts
and legacy fires (see this paper about </SPAN><A
style="COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/b65ff320-3af6-4acb-927f-65e1aef974ed?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank>legacy fires</A><SPAN> and this one about
fire-related </SPAN><A
style="COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/13232646-b419-4060-a37a-8db57b524d8f?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank>landscape traps</A><SPAN>). Here is a typical view of
forests surrounding the tower:</SPAN></P>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 32px auto; FONT-SIZE: 16px">
<TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" width=574 align=left><A
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/83a230b6-112b-4f90-aab8-0ce953c896a3?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank><IMG
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: auto !important; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 100% !important; HEIGHT: auto; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none"
alt=""
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1148,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73d4645b-0cb3-4a40-a93e-7a0fcb060453_4608x2592.jpeg"
width=550 height=309></A></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">Compare
this to an undisturbed boreal forest:</P>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 32px auto; FONT-SIZE: 16px">
<TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" width=564 align=left><A
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/13892240-7940-4ba3-86d5-2b54786c9e4c?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank><IMG
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: auto !important; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 100% !important; HEIGHT: auto; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none"
alt=""
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1128,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe28fb7d8-7999-45e9-bf4b-ee0f15f05cbf_3088x2056.jpeg"
width=550 height=366></A></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">(Photo
courtesy of Alexei Aleinikov, the forest did not burn for several hundred
(!) years).</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>The
third map below is from a recent </SPAN><A
style="COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/e3a4f4ad-caef-4fa8-a165-5f16c7bcfb1b?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank>global study</A><SPAN> of ecosystem resilience. It
speaks for itself. We do </SPAN><I>not</I><SPAN> study natural,
self-sustainable, resilient ecosystems. We have excluded them from
consideration.</SPAN></P>
<DIV style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 32px auto; FONT-SIZE: 16px">
<TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" width=500 align=left><A
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/b5b60c5b-c532-424e-a6f9-10a08e004ebf?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank><IMG
style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: auto !important; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 100% !important; HEIGHT: auto; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none"
alt=""
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_500,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c235e30-f51b-4ee2-bb78-9ea83e175bcf_500x320.png"
width=500 height=320></A></TD>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>It
is like if </SPAN><A
style="COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/60d642db-a3bc-470a-a206-edcb05d23cbb?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank>some aliens</A><SPAN> were studying human health, and
the very capacity of humans as living beings, from inside a big hospital.
After studying the patients suffering from various serious diseases, the
aliens would conclude that humans are fragile creatures totally dependent
on the external supply of medicine and intellectually quite uneventful.
They would hardly figure out that humans are able to discover the laws of
nature and perform ambitious environmental transformations on their basis.
They could deduce very little about the human capacity to create art and
would not believe that the best of classical music could have been
composed by those strangely morbid apes. Indeed, when we are ill or
humiliated, we are far from our best.</SPAN></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">Unfortunately,
our knowledge about natural ecosystems is similarly heavily distorted. We
greatly underappreciate them. Historically, our misconceptions about how
natural ecosystems work are so deeply ingrained that we don’t even
recognize, let alone understand the importance of, the counter-evidence
when by any chance we do stumble upon it. I’ll discuss some conspicuous
examples on another occasion. (In passing, I note that seeing the truth in
this chaos requires a viewpoint from outside this chaos. Lovelock had such
a viewpoint of a space scientist. Gorshkov had such a viewpoint of an
outstanding theoretical physicist who additionally spent years in
untouched wilderness.)</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">Here
I would like to conclude by listing three goals that I consider worthy of
discussion and implementation:</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>1.
Elevate protection of the remaining self-sustainable natural ecosystems,
on land and in the ocean, to a </SPAN><B>top priority </B><SPAN>in the
international </SPAN><B>climate change mitigation
</B><SPAN>agenda.</SPAN></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><I>If
we lose their climate-regulating potential, we are doomed to a global
environmental collapse even under the “zero emissions” scenario.</I></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>2.
Restore biological productivity on degraded lands, </SPAN><B>to lessen the
anthropogenic pressure on the remaining self-sustainable natural
ecosystems.</B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><I>The
climate-regulating potential of the ecosystem cannot be maximized
simultaneously with its economic potential. The ecosystem resources
expropriated by humans are diverted from the regulatory processes that
become less and less effective.</I></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">3.
Launch a focused global effort to study the climate-regulating potential
of natural ecosystems including</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">•soil
carbon dynamics</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">•ecosystem
impact on, and control of, cloud cover</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">•ecosystem
impact on, and control of, local temperature regime</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">•ecosystem
mediation of the atmospheric moisture transport</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><B>as
dependent on the degree of ecosystem disturbance.</B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><I>Recognize
ecosystem disturbance as a key dimension in the studies of
biota-environment interactions. Quantify salient differences in
environmental responses of intact versus managed (disturbed, exploited)
ecosystems.</I></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>To
summarize, natural ecosystems are powerful mechanisms of climate
stabilization. If we exploit them more, their regulatory function is
impaired adding to climate destabilization, including </SPAN><B>water
cycle calamities</B><SPAN>. Curbing the on-going exploitation of natural
ecosystems is </SPAN><B>feasible</B><SPAN> and represents a vital part of
strategies to mitigate global change.</SPAN></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px">Words
make sense only within the framework of their language. If a language
dies, words lose their meaning. In the four-billion-year journey of Life,
our civilization is a new word, and wild nature is the primordial
language. If we lose our ground base — the wild nature, our civilization
will become a chimera, a sand castle that will not last long.</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 20px; COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN>*For
interested readers, I discussed how these stability graphs relate to the
</SPAN><I>planetary boundaries</I><SPAN> in my recent </SPAN><A
style="COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/e559a0ac-23d2-47f0-b88b-2fa59f0f2acb?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank>talk</A><SPAN> at the EcoSummit “Eco-Civilization for
Sustainable and Desirable Future” in China (slides </SPAN><A
style="COLOR: rgb(54,55,55); TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/6c0064dd-0918-4adc-8eb3-7a6f49a77a90?j=eyJ1IjoiMm0ybTQyIn0.YTQIGOi3aNYzFXNXjrWAb8aIFHsltcqoBPDDRfi_FMU"
rel="" target=_blank>here</A><SPAN>).</SPAN></P>
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<DIV>-- <BR>Вы получили это сообщение, поскольку подписаны на
группу "seu-international".<BR></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">
<DIV style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> <A
title=svetfrog@gmail.com href="mailto:svetfrog@gmail.com">Svet Zabelin</A>
</DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, January 02, 2025 3:22 PM</DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> Fwd: How much wild nature do we need?</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV></DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>PS Я бы еще добавил короткий абзац из окончания
статьи (хотя, конечно, мыслям о необходимости сохранения нетронутой природы
по тем или иным причинам уже десятки лет):</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>"<FONT size=3 face="Times New Roman">Подводя итог,
можно сказать, что природные экосистемы являются мощными механизмами
стабилизации климата. Если мы будем использовать их более активно, их
регулирующая функция будет нарушена, что приведет к дестабилизации климата,
включая бедствия, связанные с круговоротом воды. Ограничение продолжающейся
эксплуатации природных экосистем возможно и представляет собой жизненно важную
часть стратегий по смягчению последствий глобальных
изменений."</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Вл</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV></BODY></HTML>