<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML
style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><HEAD><TITLE></TITLE>
<META content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv=Content-Type><!--[if !mso]><!-->
<META content=IE=edge http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible><!--<![endif]-->
<META name=viewport content=width=device-width>
<STYLE type=text/css>
@media Unknown
{
.column {
}
.wrapper {
MIN-WIDTH: 600px !important
}
.wrapper H1 {
}
.wrapper H1 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 36px !important; FONT-SIZE: 28px !important
}
.wrapper H2 {
}
.wrapper H2 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 31px !important; FONT-SIZE: 22px !important
}
.wrapper H3 {
}
.wrapper H3 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important; FONT-SIZE: 18px !important
}
.wrapper .size-8 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 14px !important; FONT-SIZE: 8px !important
}
.wrapper .size-8-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 14px !important; FONT-SIZE: 8px !important
}
.wrapper .size-8-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 14px !important; FONT-SIZE: 8px !important
}
.wrapper .size-8-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 16px !important
}
.wrapper .size-8-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 24px !important
}
.wrapper .size-9 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 16px !important; FONT-SIZE: 9px !important
}
.wrapper .size-9-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 16px !important; FONT-SIZE: 9px !important
}
.wrapper .size-9-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 16px !important; FONT-SIZE: 9px !important
}
.wrapper .size-9-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 18px !important
}
.wrapper .size-9-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 27px !important
}
.wrapper .size-10 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 18px !important; FONT-SIZE: 10px !important
}
.wrapper .size-10-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 18px !important; FONT-SIZE: 10px !important
}
.wrapper .size-10-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 18px !important; FONT-SIZE: 10px !important
}
.wrapper .size-10-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 20px !important
}
.wrapper .size-10-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 30px !important
}
.wrapper .size-11 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 19px !important; FONT-SIZE: 11px !important
}
.wrapper .size-11-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 19px !important; FONT-SIZE: 11px !important
}
.wrapper .size-11-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 19px !important; FONT-SIZE: 11px !important
}
.wrapper .size-11-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 22px !important
}
.wrapper .size-11-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 33px !important
}
.wrapper .size-12 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 19px !important; FONT-SIZE: 12px !important
}
.wrapper .size-12-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 19px !important; FONT-SIZE: 12px !important
}
.wrapper .size-12-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 19px !important; FONT-SIZE: 12px !important
}
.wrapper .size-12-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 24px !important
}
.wrapper .size-12-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 36px !important
}
.wrapper .size-13 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 21px !important; FONT-SIZE: 13px !important
}
.wrapper .size-13-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 21px !important; FONT-SIZE: 13px !important
}
.wrapper .size-13-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 21px !important; FONT-SIZE: 13px !important
}
.wrapper .size-13-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important
}
.wrapper .size-13-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 39px !important
}
.wrapper .size-14 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 21px !important; FONT-SIZE: 14px !important
}
.wrapper .size-14-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 21px !important; FONT-SIZE: 14px !important
}
.wrapper .size-14-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 21px !important; FONT-SIZE: 14px !important
}
.wrapper .size-14-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 28px !important
}
.wrapper .size-14-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 42px !important
}
.wrapper .size-15 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 23px !important; FONT-SIZE: 15px !important
}
.wrapper .size-15-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 23px !important; FONT-SIZE: 15px !important
}
.wrapper .size-15-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 23px !important; FONT-SIZE: 15px !important
}
.wrapper .size-15-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 30px !important
}
.wrapper .size-15-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 45px !important
}
.wrapper .size-16 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 24px !important; FONT-SIZE: 16px !important
}
.wrapper .size-16-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 24px !important; FONT-SIZE: 16px !important
}
.wrapper .size-16-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 24px !important; FONT-SIZE: 16px !important
}
.wrapper .size-16-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 32px !important
}
.wrapper .size-16-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 48px !important
}
.wrapper .size-17 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important; FONT-SIZE: 17px !important
}
.wrapper .size-17-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important; FONT-SIZE: 17px !important
}
.wrapper .size-17-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important; FONT-SIZE: 17px !important
}
.wrapper .size-17-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 34px !important
}
.wrapper .size-17-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 51px !important
}
.wrapper .size-18 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important; FONT-SIZE: 18px !important
}
.wrapper .size-18-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important; FONT-SIZE: 18px !important
}
.wrapper .size-18-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important; FONT-SIZE: 18px !important
}
.wrapper .size-18-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 36px !important
}
.wrapper .size-18-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 54px !important
}
.wrapper .size-20 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 28px !important; FONT-SIZE: 20px !important
}
.wrapper .size-20-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 28px !important; FONT-SIZE: 20px !important
}
.wrapper .size-20-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 28px !important; FONT-SIZE: 20px !important
}
.wrapper .size-20-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 40px !important
}
.wrapper .size-20-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 60px !important
}
.wrapper .size-22 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 31px !important; FONT-SIZE: 22px !important
}
.wrapper .size-22-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 31px !important; FONT-SIZE: 22px !important
}
.wrapper .size-22-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 31px !important; FONT-SIZE: 22px !important
}
.wrapper .size-22-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 44px !important
}
.wrapper .size-22-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 66px !important
}
.wrapper .size-24 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 32px !important; FONT-SIZE: 24px !important
}
.wrapper .size-24-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 32px !important; FONT-SIZE: 24px !important
}
.wrapper .size-24-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 32px !important; FONT-SIZE: 24px !important
}
.wrapper .size-24-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 48px !important
}
.wrapper .size-24-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 72px !important
}
.wrapper .size-26 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 34px !important; FONT-SIZE: 26px !important
}
.wrapper .size-26-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 34px !important; FONT-SIZE: 26px !important
}
.wrapper .size-26-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 34px !important; FONT-SIZE: 26px !important
}
.wrapper .size-26-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 52px !important
}
.wrapper .size-26-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 78px !important
}
.wrapper .size-28 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 36px !important; FONT-SIZE: 28px !important
}
.wrapper .size-28-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 36px !important; FONT-SIZE: 28px !important
}
.wrapper .size-28-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 36px !important; FONT-SIZE: 28px !important
}
.wrapper .size-28-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 56px !important
}
.wrapper .size-28-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 84px !important
}
.wrapper .size-30 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 38px !important; FONT-SIZE: 30px !important
}
.wrapper .size-30-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 38px !important; FONT-SIZE: 30px !important
}
.wrapper .size-30-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 38px !important; FONT-SIZE: 30px !important
}
.wrapper .size-30-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 60px !important
}
.wrapper .size-30-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 90px !important
}
.wrapper .size-32 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 40px !important; FONT-SIZE: 32px !important
}
.wrapper .size-32-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 40px !important; FONT-SIZE: 32px !important
}
.wrapper .size-32-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 40px !important; FONT-SIZE: 32px !important
}
.wrapper .size-32-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 64px !important
}
.wrapper .size-32-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 96px !important
}
.wrapper .size-34 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 43px !important; FONT-SIZE: 34px !important
}
.wrapper .size-34-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 43px !important; FONT-SIZE: 34px !important
}
.wrapper .size-34-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 43px !important; FONT-SIZE: 34px !important
}
.wrapper .size-34-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 68px !important
}
.wrapper .size-34-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 102px !important
}
.wrapper .size-36 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 43px !important; FONT-SIZE: 36px !important
}
.wrapper .size-36-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 43px !important; FONT-SIZE: 36px !important
}
.wrapper .size-36-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 43px !important; FONT-SIZE: 36px !important
}
.wrapper .size-36-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 72px !important
}
.wrapper .size-36-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 108px !important
}
.wrapper .size-40 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 47px !important; FONT-SIZE: 40px !important
}
.wrapper .size-40-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 47px !important; FONT-SIZE: 40px !important
}
.wrapper .size-40-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 47px !important; FONT-SIZE: 40px !important
}
.wrapper .size-40-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 80px !important
}
.wrapper .size-40-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 120px !important
}
.wrapper .size-44 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 50px !important; FONT-SIZE: 44px !important
}
.wrapper .size-44-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 50px !important; FONT-SIZE: 44px !important
}
.wrapper .size-44-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 50px !important; FONT-SIZE: 44px !important
}
.wrapper .size-44-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 88px !important
}
.wrapper .size-44-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 132px !important
}
.wrapper .size-48 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 54px !important; FONT-SIZE: 48px !important
}
.wrapper .size-48-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 54px !important; FONT-SIZE: 48px !important
}
.wrapper .size-48-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 54px !important; FONT-SIZE: 48px !important
}
.wrapper .size-48-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 96px !important
}
.wrapper .size-48-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 144px !important
}
.wrapper .size-56 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 60px !important; FONT-SIZE: 56px !important
}
.wrapper .size-56-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 60px !important; FONT-SIZE: 56px !important
}
.wrapper .size-56-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 60px !important; FONT-SIZE: 56px !important
}
.wrapper .size-56-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 112px !important
}
.wrapper .size-56-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 168px !important
}
.wrapper .size-64 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 68px !important; FONT-SIZE: 64px !important
}
.wrapper .size-64-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 68px !important; FONT-SIZE: 64px !important
}
.wrapper .size-64-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 68px !important; FONT-SIZE: 64px !important
}
.wrapper .size-64-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 128px !important
}
.wrapper .size-64-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 192px !important
}
.wrapper .size-72 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 76px !important; FONT-SIZE: 72px !important
}
.wrapper .size-72-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 76px !important; FONT-SIZE: 72px !important
}
.wrapper .size-72-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 76px !important; FONT-SIZE: 72px !important
}
.wrapper .size-72-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 144px !important
}
.wrapper .size-72-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 216px !important
}
.wrapper .size-80 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 84px !important; FONT-SIZE: 80px !important
}
.wrapper .size-80-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 84px !important; FONT-SIZE: 80px !important
}
.wrapper .size-80-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 84px !important; FONT-SIZE: 80px !important
}
.wrapper .size-80-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 160px !important
}
.wrapper .size-80-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 240px !important
}
.wrapper .size-96 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 100px !important; FONT-SIZE: 96px !important
}
.wrapper .size-96-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 100px !important; FONT-SIZE: 96px !important
}
.wrapper .size-96-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 100px !important; FONT-SIZE: 96px !important
}
.wrapper .size-96-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 192px !important
}
.wrapper .size-96-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 288px !important
}
.wrapper .size-112 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 116px !important; FONT-SIZE: 112px !important
}
.wrapper .size-112-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 116px !important; FONT-SIZE: 112px !important
}
.wrapper .size-112-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 116px !important; FONT-SIZE: 112px !important
}
.wrapper .size-112-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 224px !important
}
.wrapper .size-112-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 336px !important
}
.wrapper .size-128 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 132px !important; FONT-SIZE: 128px !important
}
.wrapper .size-128-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 132px !important; FONT-SIZE: 128px !important
}
.wrapper .size-128-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 132px !important; FONT-SIZE: 128px !important
}
.wrapper .size-128-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 256px !important
}
.wrapper .size-128-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 384px !important
}
.wrapper .size-144 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 148px !important; FONT-SIZE: 144px !important
}
.wrapper .size-144-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 148px !important; FONT-SIZE: 144px !important
}
.wrapper .size-144-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 148px !important; FONT-SIZE: 144px !important
}
.wrapper .size-144-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 288px !important
}
.wrapper .size-144-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 432px !important
}
}
</STYLE>
<META name=x-apple-disable-message-reformatting>
<STYLE type=text/css>
.main, .mso {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
table-layout: fixed;
}
* {
line-height: inherit;
}
[x-apple-data-detectors] {
color: inherit !important;
text-decoration: none !important;
}
.wrapper .footer__share-button a:hover,
.wrapper .footer__share-button a:focus {
color: #ffffff !important;
}
.wrapper .footer__share-button a.icon-white:hover,
.wrapper .footer__share-button a.icon-white:focus {
color: #ffffff !important;
}
.wrapper .footer__share-button a.icon-black:hover,
.wrapper .footer__share-button a.icon-black:focus {
color: #000000 !important;
}
.btn a:hover,
.btn a:focus,
.footer__share-button a:hover,
.footer__share-button a:focus,
.email-footer__links a:hover,
.email-footer__links a:focus {
opacity: 0.8;
}
.preheader,
.header,
.layout,
.column {
transition: width 0.25s ease-in-out, max-width 0.25s ease-in-out;
}
.preheader td {
padding-bottom: 8px;
}
.layout,
div.header {
max-width: 400px !important;
-fallback-width: 95% !important;
width: calc(100% - 20px) !important;
}
div.preheader {
max-width: 360px !important;
-fallback-width: 90% !important;
width: calc(100% - 60px) !important;
}
.snippet,
.webversion {
Float: none !important;
}
.stack .column {
max-width: 400px !important;
width: 100% !important;
}
.fixed-width.has-border {
max-width: 402px !important;
}
.fixed-width.has-border .layout__inner {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.snippet,
.webversion {
width: 50% !important;
}
.mso .layout__edges {
font-size: 0;
}
.layout-fixed-width,
.mso .layout-full-width {
background-color: #ffffff;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 620px) {
.column,
.gutter {
display: table-cell;
Float: none !important;
vertical-align: top;
}
div.preheader,
.email-footer {
max-width: 560px !important;
width: 560px !important;
}
.snippet,
.webversion {
width: 280px !important;
}
div.header,
.layout,
.one-col .column {
max-width: 600px !important;
width: 600px !important;
}
.fixed-width.has-border,
.fixed-width.x_has-border,
.has-gutter.has-border,
.has-gutter.x_has-border {
max-width: 602px !important;
width: 602px !important;
}
.two-col .column {
max-width: 300px !important;
width: 300px !important;
}
.three-col .column,
.column.narrow,
.column.x_narrow {
max-width: 200px !important;
width: 200px !important;
}
.column.wide,
.column.x_wide {
width: 400px !important;
}
.two-col.has-gutter .column,
.two-col.x_has-gutter .column {
max-width: 290px !important;
width: 290px !important;
}
.three-col.has-gutter .column,
.three-col.x_has-gutter .column,
.has-gutter .narrow {
max-width: 188px !important;
width: 188px !important;
}
.has-gutter .wide {
max-width: 394px !important;
width: 394px !important;
}
.two-col.has-gutter.has-border .column,
.two-col.x_has-gutter.x_has-border .column {
max-width: 292px !important;
width: 292px !important;
}
.three-col.has-gutter.has-border .column,
.three-col.x_has-gutter.x_has-border .column,
.has-gutter.has-border .narrow,
.has-gutter.x_has-border .narrow {
max-width: 190px !important;
width: 190px !important;
}
.has-gutter.has-border .wide,
.has-gutter.x_has-border .wide {
max-width: 396px !important;
width: 396px !important;
}
}
@supports (display: flex) {
@media only screen and (min-width: 620px) {
.fixed-width.has-border .layout__inner {
display: flex !important;
}
}
}
/***
* Mobile Styles
*
* 1. Overriding inline styles
*/
@media(max-width: 619px) {
.email-flexible-footer .left-aligned-footer .column,
.email-flexible-footer .center-aligned-footer,
.email-flexible-footer .right-aligned-footer .column {
max-width: 100% !important; /* [1] */
text-align: center !important; /* [1] */
width: 100% !important; /* [1] */
}
.flexible-footer-logo {
margin-left: 0px !important; /* [1] */
margin-right: 0px !important; /* [1] */
}
.email-flexible-footer .left-aligned-footer .flexible-footer__share-button__container,
.email-flexible-footer .center-aligned-footer .flexible-footer__share-button__container,
.email-flexible-footer .right-aligned-footer .flexible-footer__share-button__container {
display: inline-block;
margin-left: 5px !important; /* [1] */
margin-right: 5px !important; /* [1] */
}
.email-flexible-footer__additionalinfo--center {
text-align: center !important; /* [1] */
}
.email-flexible-footer .left-aligned-footer table,
.email-flexible-footer .center-aligned-footer table,
.email-flexible-footer .right-aligned-footer table {
display: table !important; /* [1] */
width: 100% !important; /* [1] */
}
.email-flexible-footer .footer__share-button,
.email-flexible-footer .email-footer__additional-info {
margin-left: 20px;
margin-right: 20px;
}
}
@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), only screen and (min--moz-device-pixel-ratio: 2), only screen and (-o-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2/1), only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), only screen and (min-resolution: 192dpi), only screen and (min-resolution: 2dppx) {
.fblike {
background-image: url(http://i7.cmail20.com/static/eb/master/13-the-blueprint-3/images/fblike@2x.png) !important;
}
.tweet {
background-image: url(http://i8.cmail20.com/static/eb/master/13-the-blueprint-3/images/tweet@2x.png) !important;
}
.linkedinshare {
background-image: url(http://i9.cmail20.com/static/eb/master/13-the-blueprint-3/images/lishare@2x.png) !important;
}
.forwardtoafriend {
background-image: url(http://i10.cmail20.com/static/eb/master/13-the-blueprint-3/images/forward@2x.png) !important;
}
}
@media (max-width: 321px) {
.fixed-width.has-border .layout__inner {
border-width: 1px 0 !important;
}
.layout,
.stack .column {
min-width: 320px !important;
width: 320px !important;
}
.border {
display: none;
}
.has-gutter .border {
display: table-cell;
}
}
.cmctbl--inline table {
border-collapse: collapse;
}
</STYLE>
<!--[if !mso]><!-->
<STYLE type=text/css>
@import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat:400,700,400italic,700italic);
</STYLE>
<LINK rel=stylesheet type=text/css
href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat:400,700,400italic,700italic"><!--<![endif]-->
<STYLE type=text/css>
.main,.mso{background-color:#fff}.logo a:hover,.logo a:focus{color:#1e2e3b !important}.footer-logo a:hover,.footer-logo a:focus{color:#372d1b !important}.mso .layout-has-border{border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mso .layout-has-bottom-border{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mso .border{background-color:#ccc}.mso h1{}.mso h1{font-size:28px !important;line-height:36px !important}.mso h2{}.mso h2{font-size:22px !important;line-height:31px !important}.mso h3{}.mso h3{font-size:18px !important;line-height:26px !important}.mso .layout__inner{}.mso .footer__share-button p{}.mso .footer__share-button p{font-family:Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif}
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<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Another climate summit has
come and gone. The 28th Conference of the Parties of the UN Framework
Convention on Climate Change (COP28 to you and me) took stock of the
world's progress in limiting global heating to 1.5°C. This is the
guardrail scientists have advised world leaders to make every effort to
limit warming to, lest they trigger tipping points that send Earth
hurtling into climate breakdown.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">So now that the dust has
settled, who left Dubai happy and who went home empty-handed? Let's ask
the experts.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">You're reading the Imagine
newsletter – a weekly synthesis of academic insight on solutions to
climate change, brought to you by The Conversation. I'm Jack Marley,
energy and environment editor. This week we're naming the winners and
losers of negotiations in the United Arab Emirates.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">First, the winners.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px"><STRONG>Fossil fuel
companies</STRONG></P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">COP28 ended with a
historic agreement to "transition away" from using fossil fuels in energy
systems, the biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions altering Earth's
climate. So why did the companies plying coal, oil and gas have a good
summit?</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">As we reported last week,
the failure to include stronger language in the final text (including the
promise of a definitive "phase-out" of fossil fuels) was condemned by
climate and energy researchers. "Abated" burning of coal (the dirtiest
fossil fuel) is permitted in the text, but with no guidance on how much of
the emissions must be captured and stored to be considered abated, <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-r/"
data-emb-iscopy="true"><STRONG>COP28 left a
loophole</STRONG></A> wide enough to drive a coal train through.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Natural gas also snuck
into the text as a protected "transitional fuel". <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-y/"
data-emb-iscopy="true">Research</A> has indicated that leaks of
methane (a potent but short-lived greenhouse gas) from oil and gas
infrastructure can actually make natural gas worse for the climate than
coal.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">A good thing more than 50
oil companies pledged to <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-j/"
data-emb-iscopy="true"><STRONG>plug these leaks</STRONG></A> at COP28
(although the majority of firms haven't signed). Mark Maslin, Priti Parikh
and Simon Chin-Yee, a team of climate experts at UCL, note that gas is a
healthier option for home cooking in developing countries than burning
wood.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"Nonetheless, there really
should be a timeline attached to the use of these transitional fuels,"
they say. (Such a phase-out deadline was deemed "<A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-t/"
data-emb-iscopy="true">too controversial</A>" to even discuss.)</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">An agreement referencing
fossil fuels – between nearly 200 countries and brokered by a petrostate –
is still startling says Matt McDonald, an associate professor of
international relations at The University of Queensland. An
acknowledgement that these fuels must be eliminated has eluded negotiators
for three decades, he says.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Perhaps the severity of
the climate crisis is starting to sink in.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"In 2023, temperatures are
already spiking past the crucial threshold of 1.5°C," McDonald says. "The
global stocktake of emissions cuts released in advance of the talks shows
our <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-i/"
data-emb-iscopy="true"><STRONG>current efforts are not
enough</STRONG></A> to stop further warming."</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Critically, this agreement
is non-binding and will not limit the search for, extraction and burning
of fossil fuels, as McDonald highlights:</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"Countries such as
Australia advocated stronger language on ending fossil fuels while
maintaining a steady pipeline of new fossil fuel projects at home."</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px"><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-d/"
data-emb-iscopy="true"><STRONG>Who suffers from this
arrangement</STRONG></A>? The Australian public for a start, according to
Fergus Green, a lecturer in political theory and public policy at UCL.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"The foreign-owned
corporations that produce most of our coal and gas pay little tax and
employ relatively few people, while capturing billions of dollars in state
and federal government subsidies," he says. </P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"Scaling up as a clean
energy superpower could bring more economic growth, jobs and tax revenue
than would be lost from fossil fuels – especially if we taxed the fossil
fuel industry properly on its way out."</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Now let's hear from the
other losers.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px"><STRONG>Small
islands</STRONG></P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">COP28 seemed to start
well. On the first day, delegates agreed a loss and damage fund to
compensate developing countries for the consequences of climate change –
lost livelihoods, collapsed ecosystems, drowned homes – they cannot adapt
to.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">How the fund will work is
unclear but present arrangements privilege donors (developed countries)
over recipients (more on that <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-h/"
data-emb-iscopy="true"><STRONG>here</STRONG></A> and <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s
ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-k/"
data-emb-iscopy="true"><STRONG>here</STRONG></A>).</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Wealthy nations that have
emitted the most and are responsible for much of the problem have pledged
US$700 million (£550 million) so far. Compare that with the actual annual
cost of climate-related loss and damage in developing countries, which is
estimated to be somewhere <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-u/"
data-emb-iscopy="true">between US$100 billion and US$580
billion</A>. </P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Compare that with how much
the UAE hosts spent on building COP28's venue (<A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-o/"
data-emb-iscopy="true">US$7 billion</A>), say Maslin, Parikh and
Chin-Yee.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">The overdue bill will
lengthen as long as fossil fuels are dug up and burned. And it's <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-b/"
data-emb-iscopy="true"><STRONG>the world's small
islands</STRONG></A> where the greatest costs will be borne.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"Scientific evidence is
clear," says Alana Malinde S.N. Lancaster, head of the Caribbean
Environmental Law Unit at the University of the West Indies in Barbados.
"Rapidly eliminating coal, oil and gas is necessary to limit global
warming to 1.5°C, as enshrined in the Paris agreement. Even at this limit,
many small islands will face a drastic increase in coastal flooding from
sea-level rise, and other effects which could render these countries
uninhabitable."</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">At the Dubai talks,
delegates belonging to the Alliance of Small Island States (Aosis) said
that without an immediate fossil fuel phase-out, the final text was "<A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-n/"
data-emb-iscopy="true">a death certificate</A>" and the product of a
process that "<A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s
ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-p/"
data-emb-iscopy="true">has failed us</A>".</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Aosis had also hoped for
an agreement to double funding to help developing countries adapt to
climate change, Lancaster says.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"The agreement on
adaptation in Dubai talks generally of the need for more finance, but
makes few commitments," says Susannah Fisher, a principal research fellow
in geography at UCL. That conversation will have to be renewed next year,
she adds, at COP29 in Azerbaijan.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Meanwhile, the world is <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-c/"
data-emb-iscopy="true"><STRONG>adapting to a harsher
climate</STRONG></A> much too slowly – and unevenly.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"Between 3.3 and 3.6
billion people live in places that are expected to be highly vulnerable to
climate change," Fisher says. "In Africa, tens of thousands of people will
die from extreme heat unless radical measures are taken to adapt. Between
800 million and 3 billion people will not have enough water at 2°C global
warming – and up to 4 billion at 4°C. We also have very little evidence
that funded adaptation measures are working."</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px"><STRONG>Food
producers</STRONG></P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">COP28 was applauded for <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-q/"
data-emb-iscopy="true">finally talking about food</A>.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">How the world produces
food, how it gets it to people and how it's disposed of (or wasted)
accounts for <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-a/"
data-emb-iscopy="true">one-third</A> of greenhouse gas emissions.
Roughly <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-f/"
data-emb-iscopy="true">80%</A> of food production is powered by
fossil fuels and agriculture is the <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-z/"
data-emb-iscopy="true">leading cause</A> of biodiversity loss. This
was the first climate summit to get more than 130 countries to acknowledge
that agriculture must "<A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-v/"
data-emb-iscopy="true">urgently adapt and transform</A>".</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">More than 200 African
academics and civil society leaders are worried about what that
transformation might entail.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"The call was for COP28
leaders to commit to <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-e/"
data-emb-iscopy="true"><STRONG>separating food systems from the fossil
fuels</STRONG></A>, antibiotics, preservatives, pesticides, herbicides and
artificial fertilisers they are currently centred on," says Florian Kroll,
a PhD candidate in agrarian studies at the University of the Western
Cape.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Kroll says COP28 did not
debate how to curb the powerful monopolies keeping agriculture hooked on
these fuels and chemicals. Without structural reforms to conventional
agriculture, expanding its prevalence in Africa will only accelerate
environmental destruction, he says.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">The COP28 food statement
also calls for partnerships between states and corporations to solve
agriculture's climate footprint. "This is especially problematic," Kroll
says. "Public-private partnerships allow corporations to influence
government policy to their benefit, at the expense of local industries,
the poor and the unemployed."</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">In the food reforms
envisaged at COP28, the World Trade Organisation would remain at the
"core" of food distribution. This poses another big problem for
traditional farmers, Kroll says:</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"[The World Trade
Organisation] pushes developing countries to extract finite mineral
resources and grow export crops for global trade. Cheap imports undermine
local industry and livelihoods."</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"Governments should
instead promote local food production with short value chains and
strengthen fair trade between African countries," he adds.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px"><STRONG>Wildlife and
ecosystems</STRONG></P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Just last year, the world
was celebrating a landmark deal to protect 30% of Earth's land and sea for
the benefit of biodiversity by 2030.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Even with all that space,
species will have <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-s/"
data-emb-iscopy="true"><STRONG>nowhere to hide from rising
temperatures</STRONG></A> says Alex Pigot, a principal research
fellow at UCL's Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"Our world has warmed by
roughly 1.2°C since the pre-industrial period," he says.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"Biodiversity is feeling
the heat in all ecosystems and regions, from mountain tops to ocean
depths."</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Tropical coral reefs once
bleached rarely, Pigot says. Now, this vivid display of poor health and
stress happens almost annually. Here the world has a preview of the
devastation that is still in store for other ecosystems – and ultimately,
us.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"If all national plans to
cut emissions are fulfilled, the world would still be on track for <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-g/"
data-emb-iscopy="true">2.5°C-2.9°C</A> of global warming by the end
of the century," Pigot says.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"As the thermal thresholds
of more and more species are crossed, the capacity for ecosystems to adapt
– as well as the societies that depend on them – will diminish."</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Thanks for reading. If you
enjoy Imagine and value what The Conversation does, here or through any
one of our newsletters and other content, please consider joining the
1,500 readers who have contributed to our fundraising campaing this month.
With two weeks to go we're almost three-quarters of the way to our target.
By <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
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style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15px; FONT-SIZE: 15px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: 320px; MAX-WIDTH: 600px; WORD-WRAP: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word"
class="layout one-col fixed-width stack">
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: table; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse"
class=layout__inner><!--[if mso]><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation"><tr class="layout-fixed-width" style="background-color: #ffffff;"><td style="width: 600px" class="w560"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
class=column>
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal"
align=center><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-yk/"><IMG
style="BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 668px; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px"
class="gnd-corner-image gnd-corner-image-center gnd-corner-image-top"
alt="Five people on a podium clapping."
src="http://i3.cmail20.com/ei/r/71/382/B2A/220850/csfinal/file-20231214-23-op85ax-9900000000079e3c.jpeg"
width=600></A> </DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 11px">
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 28px; MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 20px"
lang=x-size-24 class=size-24><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-yu/"
data-emb-iscopy="true"><STRONG>Five major outcomes from the latest UN
climate summit</STRONG></A></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16>Weak language at COP28 is at complete odds
with the officially-recognised science.</P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px"
class="btn btn--flat btn--small"><!--[if !mso]><!--><A
style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6px; LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #29339b; PADDING-LEFT: 12px; PADDING-RIGHT: 12px; DISPLAY: inline-block; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat, DejaVu Sans, Verdana, sans-serif; COLOR: #ffffff !important; FONT-SIZE: 11px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-DECORATION: none !important; PADDING-TOP: 6px; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in; border-radius: 4px"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-jl/">Read
more</A><!--<![endif]--><!--[if mso]><p style="line-height:0;margin:0;"> </p><v:roundrect xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-jl/" style="width:65.25pt" arcsize="13%" fillcolor="#29339B" stroke="f"><v:textbox style="mso-fit-shape-to-text:t" inset="0pt,3.75pt,0pt,3.75pt"><center style="font-size:11px;line-height:19px;color:#FFFFFF;font-family:Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-text-raise:1.25px">Read more</center></v:textbox></v:roundrect><![endif]-->
</DIV></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 2px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ccc; WIDTH: 40px; DISPLAY: block; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; FONT-SIZE: 2px; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto"
class=divider></DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td></tr></table><![endif]--></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: 320px; MAX-WIDTH: 600px; WORD-WRAP: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word"
class="layout fixed-width stack">
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: table; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse"
class=layout__inner><!--[if mso]><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation"><tr class="layout-fixed-width" style="background-color: #ffffff;"><td style="width: 200px" valign="top" class="w160"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 200px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WIDTH: 320px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
class="column narrow">
<DIV style="MARGIN: 12px 20px">
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal"
align=center><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-jr/"><IMG
style="BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 480px; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px"
alt="Children hanging from a tree overhanging a tropical beach as the surf breaks."
src="http://i4.cmail20.com/ei/r/71/382/B2A/220850/csfinal/file-20231215-15-krgijp-990000079e01453c.jpeg"
width=160></A> </DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td><td style="width: 400px" valign="top" class="w360"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WIDTH: 320px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 400px; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
class="column wide">
<DIV style="MARGIN-TOP: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 11px">
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><STRONG><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-jy/"
data-emb-iscopy="true">How COP28 failed the world’s
small islands</A></STRONG></P>
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><SPAN style="COLOR: #202020">From a 'litany
of loopholes' to a lopsided deal on loss and
damage.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: left" class="btn btn--flat btn--small"><!--[if !mso]><!--><A
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href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-jj/">Read
more</A><!--<![endif]--><!--[if mso]><p style="line-height:0;margin:0;"> </p><v:roundrect xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-jj/" style="width:65.25pt" arcsize="13%" fillcolor="#29339B" stroke="f"><v:textbox style="mso-fit-shape-to-text:t" inset="0pt,3.75pt,0pt,3.75pt"><center style="font-size:11px;line-height:19px;color:#FFFFFF;font-family:Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-text-raise:1.25px">Read more</center></v:textbox></v:roundrect><![endif]-->
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<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: 320px; MAX-WIDTH: 600px; WORD-WRAP: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word"
class="layout fixed-width stack">
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: table; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse"
class=layout__inner><!--[if mso]><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation"><tr class="layout-fixed-width" style="background-color: #ffffff;"><td style="width: 200px" valign="top" class="w160"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 200px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WIDTH: 320px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
class="column narrow">
<DIV style="MARGIN: 12px 20px">
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal"
align=center><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-jt/"><IMG
style="BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 480px; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px"
alt="A row of people planting mangal trees in sand."
src="http://i5.cmail20.com/ei/r/71/382/B2A/220850/csfinal/file-20231214-21-xfed00-990000079e01453c.jpeg"
width=160></A> </DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td><td style="width: 400px" valign="top" class="w360"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WIDTH: 320px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 400px; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
class="column wide">
<DIV style="MARGIN-TOP: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 11px">
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><STRONG><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-ji/"
data-emb-iscopy="true">COP28 agreement on adapting to climate change kicks
the real challenge down the road</A></STRONG></P>
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><SPAN style="COLOR: #202020">Even with rapid
reductions in emissions, we will still need to adapt to a harsher
climate.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: left" class="btn btn--flat btn--small"><!--[if !mso]><!--><A
style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6px; LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #29339b; PADDING-LEFT: 12px; PADDING-RIGHT: 12px; DISPLAY: inline-block; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat, DejaVu Sans, Verdana, sans-serif; COLOR: #ffffff !important; FONT-SIZE: 11px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-DECORATION: none !important; PADDING-TOP: 6px; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in; border-radius: 4px"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-jd/">Read
more</A><!--<![endif]--><!--[if mso]><p style="line-height:0;margin:0;"> </p><v:roundrect xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-jd/" style="width:65.25pt" arcsize="13%" fillcolor="#29339B" stroke="f"><v:textbox style="mso-fit-shape-to-text:t" inset="0pt,3.75pt,0pt,3.75pt"><center style="font-size:11px;line-height:19px;color:#FFFFFF;font-family:Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-text-raise:1.25px">Read more</center></v:textbox></v:roundrect><![endif]-->
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<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal"
align=center><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-jh/"><IMG
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alt="A woman selling organic bananas and mangoes in a market."
src="http://i6.cmail20.com/ei/r/71/382/B2A/220850/csfinal/file-20231213-17-49fdp7-990000079e01453c.jpeg"
width=160></A> </DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td><td style="width: 400px" valign="top" class="w360"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WIDTH: 320px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 400px; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
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<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><STRONG><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-jk/"
data-emb-iscopy="true">COP28’s commitment to transforming farming and food
systems is an insult to Africans</A></STRONG></P>
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><SPAN style="COLOR: #202020">The African Food
Systems Transformation Collective says COP28 must enable a transition from
fossil-fuelled food systems and leverage indigenous knowledge so that all
can sustainably access good food.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
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href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-ju/">Read
more</A><!--<![endif]--><!--[if mso]><p style="line-height:0;margin:0;"> </p><v:roundrect xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-ju/" style="width:65.25pt" arcsize="13%" fillcolor="#29339B" stroke="f"><v:textbox style="mso-fit-shape-to-text:t" inset="0pt,3.75pt,0pt,3.75pt"><center style="font-size:11px;line-height:19px;color:#FFFFFF;font-family:Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-text-raise:1.25px">Read more</center></v:textbox></v:roundrect><![endif]-->
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<DIV
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<DIV
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<DIV
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align=center><A
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alt="A bleached white staghorn coral."
src="http://i7.cmail20.com/ei/r/71/382/B2A/220850/csfinal/file-20231208-21-ixx2md-990000079e01453c.jpeg"
width=160></A> </DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td><td style="width: 400px" valign="top" class="w360"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WIDTH: 320px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 400px; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
class="column wide">
<DIV style="MARGIN-TOP: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 11px">
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><STRONG><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-tr/"
data-emb-iscopy="true">Climate change: if warming approaches 2°C, a
trickle of extinctions will become a flood</A></STRONG></P>
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><SPAN style="COLOR: #202020">Areas of the
world where species are exposed to potentially dangerous temperatures are
due to get much bigger.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: left" class="btn btn--flat btn--small"><!--[if !mso]><!--><A
style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6px; LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #29339b; PADDING-LEFT: 12px; PADDING-RIGHT: 12px; DISPLAY: inline-block; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat, DejaVu Sans, Verdana, sans-serif; COLOR: #ffffff !important; FONT-SIZE: 11px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-DECORATION: none !important; PADDING-TOP: 6px; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in; border-radius: 4px"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-ty/">Read
more</A><!--<![endif]--><!--[if mso]><p style="line-height:0;margin:0;"> </p><v:roundrect xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-ty/" style="width:65.25pt" arcsize="13%" fillcolor="#29339B" stroke="f"><v:textbox style="mso-fit-shape-to-text:t" inset="0pt,3.75pt,0pt,3.75pt"><center style="font-size:11px;line-height:19px;color:#FFFFFF;font-family:Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-text-raise:1.25px">Read more</center></v:textbox></v:roundrect><![endif]-->
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<DIV
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<DIV
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align=center><A
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href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-tj/"><IMG
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alt="Coal mining near Muswellbrook in the Hunter Valley, NSW."
src="http://i8.cmail20.com/ei/r/71/382/B2A/220850/csfinal/file-20231214-29-d6ucfb-990000079e01453c.jpeg"
width=160></A> </DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td><td style="width: 400px" valign="top" class="w360"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WIDTH: 320px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 400px; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
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<DIV style="MARGIN-TOP: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV
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<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><STRONG><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-tt/"
data-emb-iscopy="true">From laggard to leader? Why Australia must phase
out fossil fuel exports, starting now</A></STRONG></P>
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><SPAN style="COLOR: #202020">Australia
supported a phase-out of fossil fuels at the recent UN climate summit but
is still expanding coal and gas production. It's a contradiction that
threatens the planet. There is a better way.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
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href="https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-l-tityykht-nljldnkrt-ti/">Read
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