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"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"><HEAD><TITLE>UNCCD PRESS RELEASE: Sand and Dust Storm Frequency Increasing in Many World Regions, UN Warns</TITLE><!-- NAME: RIGHT SIDEBAR --><!--[if gte mso 15]>
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                              href="https://mailchi.mp/08c5f4d21941/unccd-press-release-sand-and-dust-storm-frequency-increasing-in-many-world-regions-un-warns?e=2649914cd5" 
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                              paraeid="{dca477f7-c6a8-4dc6-b5bd-32a986f1c997}{73}"><SPAN 
                              style="FONT-SIZE: 22px"><STRONG><SPAN 
                              style="FONT-FAMILY: roboto,helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif">UNCCD 
                              PRESS RELEASE</SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></P>
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                              href="https://unccd.us6.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d257fa3ad4084c603979d0e42&id=14f79a072c&e=2649914cd5" 
                              target=_blank>Spanish</A> | <A 
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                              target=_blank>French</A> I <A 
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                              target=_blank>Russian</A> </SPAN><BR><BR><SPAN 
                              style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN 
                              style="FONT-FAMILY: roboto,helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif">Media 
                              contacts:<BR><STRONG>Xenya Scanlon</STRONG>, +49 
                              152 5454 0492, <A 
                              style="COLOR: #2baadf; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                              href="mailto:xscanlon@unccd.int">xscanlon@unccd.int</A><BR><STRONG>Terry 
                              Collins</STRONG>, +1-416-878-8712 (m), <A 
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                              href="mailto:terrycollins1@gmail.com">terrycollins1@gmail.com</A><BR> <BR><EM>Background 
                              reference document: </EM><STRONG><EM>Compendium on 
                              Sand and Dust Storms</EM></STRONG>: <A 
                              style="COLOR: #2baadf; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                              href="https://unccd.us6.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d257fa3ad4084c603979d0e42&id=077969b77d&e=2649914cd5"><EM>https://bit.ly/3slJ6mE</EM></A><BR><EM>UNCCD 
                              experts are available for interviews by phone or 
                              email.</EM><BR><EM>For additional information, 
                              including accreditation to the closing news 
                              conference 17 Nov.: </EM><A 
                              style="COLOR: #2baadf; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                              href="https://unccd.us6.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d257fa3ad4084c603979d0e42&id=56c29ec998&e=2649914cd5"><EM>https://www.unccd.int/cric21</EM></A><BR><EM>Photos: 
                              </EM><A 
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                              href="https://unccd.us6.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d257fa3ad4084c603979d0e42&id=da9f1ec966&e=2649914cd5"><EM>https://bit.ly/3snqYJh</EM></A></SPAN></SPAN></P>
                              <P 
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                              paraid="1237159398" 
                              paraeid="{cfab2828-56c7-44e7-91ca-8b7957aacdb5}{31}"><SPAN 
                              style="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><SPAN 
                              style="FONT-FAMILY: roboto,helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif"><STRONG><EM>Sand 
                              and Dust Storm Frequency Increasing in Many 
                              World Regions, UN 
                              Warns</EM></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></P>
                              <P 
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                              paraid="1237159398" 
                              paraeid="{cfab2828-56c7-44e7-91ca-8b7957aacdb5}{31}"><SPAN 
                              style="FONT-SIZE: 15px"><SPAN 
                              style="FONT-FAMILY: roboto,helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif"><STRONG><EM>Wreaks 
                              havoc from Northern and Central Asia to 
                              sub-Saharan 
                              Africa; </EM></STRONG><BR><STRONG><EM>UNCCD 
                              experts attribute over 25% of the problem to human 
                              activities </EM></STRONG><STRONG><EM>enter 
                              the atmosphere every 
                              year; </EM></STRONG><BR><STRONG><EM>Two 
                              billion tons of sand and dust, equal in weight to 
                              350 Great Pyramids of Giza,<BR>Health impacts 
                              poorly understood</EM></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></P>
                              <P 
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                              paraid="1237159398" 
                              paraeid="{cfab2828-56c7-44e7-91ca-8b7957aacdb5}{31}"><SPAN 
                              style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN 
                              style="FONT-FAMILY: roboto,helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif"><BR>Sand 
                              and dust storms are an underappreciated problem 
                              now “dramatically” more frequent in some places 
                              worldwide, with at least 25% of the phenomenon 
                              attributed to human activities, according to the 
                              UN Convention to Combat Desertification 
                              (UNCCD).<BR> <BR>Accompanied by policy 
                              recommendations, the warning comes as a five-day 
                              meeting takes place in Samarkand, Uzbekistan to 
                              take stock of global progress in the Convention’s 
                              implementation.  The UNCCD is one of three 
                              Conventions originated at the 1992 Earth Summit in 
                              Rio de Janeiro. The other two address climate 
                              change (UNFCCC) and biodiversity (UN 
                              CBD).<BR> <BR>The meeting, 13-17 November (<A 
                              style="COLOR: #2baadf; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                              href="https://unccd.us6.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d257fa3ad4084c603979d0e42&id=47eae82308&e=2649914cd5"><EM>https://www.unccd.int/cric21</EM></A><EM>)</EM>, 
                              includes a high-level session on 15 November 
                              hosted by the Government of Uzbekistan on ways to 
                              address the impacts of sand and dust storms on 
                              global agriculture, industry, transportation, 
                              water and air quality, and human 
                              health.<BR> <BR>Says Ibrahim Thiaw, UNCCD’s 
                              Executive Secretary: “The sight of rolling dark 
                              clouds of sand and dust engulfing everything in 
                              their path and turning day into night is one of 
                              nature’s most intimidating spectacles.  It is 
                              a costly phenomenon that wreaks havoc everywhere 
                              from Northern and Central Asia to sub-Saharan 
                              Africa.”<BR> <BR>“Sand and dust storms 
                              present a formidable challenge to achieving 
                              sustainable development. However, just as sand and 
                              dust storms are exacerbated by human activities, 
                              they can also be reduced through human actions,” 
                              adds Thiaw.<BR> <BR>While sand and dust 
                              storms (SDS) are a regionally common and seasonal 
                              natural phenomenon, the problem is exacerbated by 
                              poor land and water management, droughts, and 
                              climate change, according to UNCCD 
                              experts.<BR> <BR>And fluctuations in their 
                              intensity, magnitude, or duration “can make SDS 
                              unpredictable and dangerous.”<BR> <BR>With 
                              impacts far beyond the source regions, an 
                              estimated 2 billion tons of sand and dust now 
                              enters the atmosphere every year, an amount equal 
                              in weight to 350 Great Pyramids of 
                              Giza. <BR> <BR>In some areas, desert 
                              dust doubled in the last century.<BR><BR>“Sand and 
                              dust storms (SDS) have become increasingly 
                              frequent and severe having substantial 
                              transboundary impacts, affecting various aspects 
                              of the environment, climate, health, agriculture, 
                              livelihoods and the socioeconomic well-being of 
                              individuals.  The accumulation of impacts 
                              from sand and dust storms can be significant,” 
                              says Feras Ziadat, Technical Officer at the Food 
                              and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), 
                              Chair of the UN Coalition on Combating Sand and 
                              Dust Storms.<BR><BR>“In source areas, they damage 
                              crops, affect livestock, and strip topsoil. In 
                              depositional areas atmospheric dust, especially in 
                              combination with local industrial pollution, can 
                              cause or worsen human health problems such as 
                              respiratory diseases. Communications, power 
                              generation, transport, and supply chains can also 
                              be disrupted by low visibility and dust-induced 
                              mechanical failures. The United Nations Coalition 
                              on Combating Sand and Dust Storms, currently 
                              chaired by FAO, was created in 2019 to lead global 
                              efforts to tackle SDS.”<BR>In their <EM>Sand and 
                              Dust Storms Compendium </EM>and accompanying 
                              <EM>SDS Toolbox</EM> (<A 
                              style="COLOR: #2baadf; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                              href="https://unccd.us6.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d257fa3ad4084c603979d0e42&id=5e7d6ec9c3&e=2649914cd5">https://www.unccd.int/land-and-life/sand-and-dust-storms/toolbox</A>), 
                              UNCCD, FAO and partners offer guidance on 
                              approaches and methodologies for collecting and 
                              assessing SDS data, monitoring and early warning, 
                              impact mitigation and preparedness, and source 
                              mapping and anthropogenic source mitigation at 
                              sub-national, national, regional and global 
                              levels.<BR> <BR>The SDS discussion forms part 
                              of the agenda of this year’s meeting in Uzbekistan 
                              of the UNCCD’s Committee for the Review of the 
                              Implementation of the Convention (CRIC 21) and 
                              global progress in delivering the Convention’s 
                              strategic objectives. It marks the first time 
                              since its establishment that UNCCD has convened 
                              one of its most significant meetings in Central 
                              Asia.<BR><BR>The meeting comes at a critical 
                              juncture, as recent statistics published via 
                              UNCCD’s new data dashboard (<A 
                              style="COLOR: #2baadf; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                              href="https://unccd.us6.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d257fa3ad4084c603979d0e42&id=3c1795ce91&e=2649914cd5">https://data.unccd.int/</A>) 
                              shows the world now losing nearly 1 million square 
                              kilometers of healthy and productive land every 
                              year – some 4.2 million square kilometers between 
                              2015-2019, or roughly the combined area of five 
                              Central Asian nations: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, 
                              Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and 
                              Uzbekistan.<BR><BR>During the meeting (at 18:00 
                              local time / 13:00 GMT, Tuesday 14 November) UNCCD 
                              and FAO experts will launch three 
                              reports:</SPAN></SPAN></P>
                              <UL>
                                <LI 
                                style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%"><SPAN 
                                style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN 
                                style="FONT-FAMILY: roboto,helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif"><A 
                                style="COLOR: #2baadf; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                href="https://unccd.us6.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d257fa3ad4084c603979d0e42&id=e555141ae5&e=2649914cd5"><EM>Sand 
                                and dust storms. A guide to mitigation, 
                                adaptation, policy and risk management measures 
                                in agriculture</EM></A></SPAN></SPAN> 
                                <LI 
                                style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%"><SPAN 
                                style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN 
                                style="FONT-FAMILY: roboto,helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif"><A 
                                style="COLOR: #2baadf; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                href="https://unccd.us6.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d257fa3ad4084c603979d0e42&id=7c70702a42&e=2649914cd5"><EM>Contingency 
                                planning process for catalysing investments and 
                                actions to enhance resilience against sand and 
                                dust storms in agriculture in the Islamic 
                                Republic of Iran</EM></A><EM> 
                                and</EM></SPAN></SPAN> 
                                <LI 
                                style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%"><SPAN 
                                style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN 
                                style="FONT-FAMILY: roboto,helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif"><A 
                                style="COLOR: #2baadf; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                href="https://unccd.us6.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d257fa3ad4084c603979d0e42&id=8144a469c9&e=2649914cd5"><EM>Preparing 
                                for sand and dust storm contingency planning 
                                with herding communities: a case study on 
                                Mongolia</EM></A></SPAN></SPAN> </LI></UL>
                              <DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"><SPAN 
                              style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN 
                              style="FONT-FAMILY: roboto,helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif">Other 
                              items on the CRIC 21 agenda include promoting 
                              sustainable land management, ensuring fair land 
                              rights for women, and tackling droughts and 
                              wildfires exacerbated by climate change and 
                              environmental degradation.<BR>* * * * 
                              *<BR><STRONG>Background: Sand and dust 
                              storms</STRONG><BR> <BR>Sand and dust storms 
                              (SDS) are known by many local names: the sirocco, 
                              haboob, yellow dust, white storms, or the 
                              harmattan.<BR> <BR>While SDS can fertilize 
                              both land and marine ecosystems, they also present 
                              a range of hazards to human health, livelihoods 
                              and the environment.<BR> <BR>SDS events 
                              typically originate in low-latitude drylands and 
                              sub-humid areas where vegetation cover is sparse 
                              or absent.<BR> <BR>They can also occur in 
                              other environments, including agricultural and 
                              high-latitude areas in humid regions, when 
                              specific wind and atmospheric conditions coincide. 
                              SDS events can have substantial transboundary 
                              impacts, over thousands of kilometers. Unified and 
                              coherent global and regional policy responses are 
                              needed, especially to address source mitigation, 
                              early warning systems, and 
                              monitoring.<BR> <BR>SDS often have 
                              significant economic impacts: for example, they 
                              cost the oil sector in Kuwait an estimated US$ 190 
                              million annually, while a single SDS event in 2009 
                              resulted in damage estimated at US$ 229 - 243 
                              million in Australia.<BR> <BR>The major 
                              global sources of mineral dust are in the northern 
                              hemisphere across North Africa, the Middle East 
                              and East Asia. In the southern hemisphere, 
                              Australia, South America and Southern Africa are 
                              the main dust sources.<BR> <BR>More than 80% 
                              of Central Asia is covered by deserts and steppes 
                              which, coupled with climate change and lasting 
                              droughts, represent a major natural source of sand 
                              and dust storms.<BR> <BR>The dried-up Aral 
                              Sea is a major source of SDS, emitting more than 
                              100 million tons of dust and poisonous salts every 
                              year, impacting the health not just of the people 
                              living in the vicinity, but far beyond and 
                              generating annual losses of US$ 44 
                              million.<BR> <BR>Recognition of SDS as a 
                              disaster risk appears to be high in North-East 
                              Asia, parts of West Asia and North America but 
                              less prominent elsewhere.<BR> <BR>Low 
                              recognition of SDS as a disaster risk is likely 
                              due to the lack (in many cases) of significant 
                              immediate direct human fatalities or injuries from 
                              individual SDS events, and limited consolidated 
                              documentation on their long-term health, economic 
                              or other impacts.<BR> <BR><STRONG>SDS and 
                              health</STRONG><BR> <BR>SDS can be 
                              life-threatening for individuals with adverse 
                              health conditions.<BR> <BR>Fine dust 
                              particles are carried to high tropospheric levels 
                              (up to a few kilometres high) where winds can 
                              transport them over long 
                              distances.<BR> <BR>The health implications of 
                              SDS have been under increased investigation for 
                              decades, with most studies conducted in East Asia, 
                              Europe and the Middle East. There has been a lack 
                              of studies in West Africa.<BR> <BR>A 
                              particular focus of this research has been SDS 
                              modification of air pollution.<BR> <BR>The 
                              cause-and-effect between sand and dust in the 
                              atmosphere and health outcomes remains unclear and 
                              requires more extensive study.  What can be 
                              said is that at-risk members of a population, 
                              especially those with pre-existing cardiopulmonary 
                              issues, including childhood asthma, may have a 
                              higher mortality or morbidity rate during a dust 
                              storm.<BR> <BR>SDS can also impose major 
                              costs on the agricultural sector through crop 
                              destruction or reduced yield, animal death or 
                              lower yields of milk or meat, and damage to 
                              infrastructure.<BR> <BR>For annual crops, 
                              losses are due to burial of seedlings or crops 
                              under sand deposits, loss of plant tissue and 
                              reduced photosynthetic activity as a result of 
                              sandblasting. This can lead to complete crop loss 
                              in a region or reduced yield.<BR> <BR>There 
                              may also be a longer-term effect on some perennial 
                              crops due to tree or crop damage (such as 
                              lucerne/alfalfa crowns being 
                              damaged).<BR> <BR>On a positive note, SDS 
                              dust can contain soil nutrients such as nitrogen, 
                              phosphorus and potassium, as well as organic 
                              carbon. Some places benefit from this nutrient 
                              deposition on land, and mineral and nutrient 
                              deposition on water, particularly ocean bodies. 
                              When deposited, these can provide nutrients to 
                              downwind crop or pasture areas.  These 
                              limited benefits, however, are far outweighed by 
                              the harms done.<BR> <BR>Globally, the main 
                              large dust sources are dried lakes; local sources 
                              include glacial outwash plains, volcanic ash zones 
                              and recently plowed fields.<BR> <BR>The 
                              multi-faceted, cross-sectoral and transnational 
                              impacts of SDS directly affect 11 of the 17 
                              Sustainable Development Goals yet global 
                              recognition of SDS as a hazard is generally low 
                              due in part to the complexity and seasonally 
                              cumulative impact of SDS, coupled with limited 
                              data.<BR> <BR>Insufficient information and 
                              impact assessments hinder effective 
                              decision-making and planning to effectively 
                              address SDS sources and 
                              impacts.<BR> <BR>UNCCD helps governments 
                              create policies to promote the scaling-up of 
                              sustainable land management practices and to find 
                              and use the latest science to develop and 
                              implement effective mitigation 
                              policies.<BR> <BR>Working with <A 
                              style="COLOR: #2baadf; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                              href="https://unccd.us6.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d257fa3ad4084c603979d0e42&id=3b2b1b9a29&e=2649914cd5">The 
                              Regional Environmental Centre for Central 
                              Asia</A>, UNCCD assists countries vulnerable to 
                              drought and sand and dust storms in Central Asia 
                              to develop and implement risk reduction strategies 
                              at national and regional level. UNCCD encourages 
                              countries to adopt a comprehensive risk reduction 
                              strategy with monitoring and early warning systems 
                              to improve preparedness and resilience to these 
                              environmental disasters.​<BR> <BR>Among the 
                              measures most needed 
                              are:<BR> </SPAN></SPAN></DIV>
                              <UL>
                                <LI 
                                style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%"><SPAN 
                                style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN 
                                style="FONT-FAMILY: roboto,helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif"><STRONG>A 
                                multi-sectoral approach</STRONG> bolstered by 
                                information-sharing, short- and long-term 
                                interventions, engaging multiple stakeholders, 
                                and raising awareness of SDS.</SPAN></SPAN> 
                                <LI 
                                style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%"><SPAN 
                                style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN 
                                style="FONT-FAMILY: roboto,helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif"><STRONG>Land 
                                restoration</STRONG>, using soil and water 
                                management practices to protect soils and 
                                increase vegetative cover, which have been shown 
                                to significantly reduce the extent and 
                                vulnerability of source areas, and reduce the 
                                intensity of typical SDS events.</SPAN></SPAN> 
                                <LI 
                                style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%"><SPAN 
                                style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN 
                                style="FONT-FAMILY: roboto,helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif"><STRONG>Early 
                                warning and monitoring</STRONG>, building on 
                                up-to-date risk knowledge, and forecasting, with 
                                all stakeholders (including at-risk populations) 
                                participating to ensure that warnings are 
                                provided in a timely and targeted 
                                manner.</SPAN></SPAN> 
                                <LI 
                                style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%"><SPAN 
                                style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN 
                                style="FONT-FAMILY: roboto,helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif"><STRONG>Impact 
                                mitigation</STRONG>, through preparedness to 
                                reduce vulnerability, increase resilience, and 
                                enables a timely, effective response to SDS 
                                event.</SPAN></SPAN> </LI></UL>
                              <DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"><SPAN 
                              style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN 
                              style="FONT-FAMILY: roboto,helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif">* 
                              * * * *</SPAN></SPAN></DIV>
                              <DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"><SPAN 
                              style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN 
                              style="FONT-FAMILY: roboto,helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif"><STRONG>About</STRONG><BR> <BR>The 
                              United Nations Convention to Combat 
                              Desertification (UNCCD) is an international 
                              agreement on good land stewardship. It helps 
                              people, communities and countries create wealth, 
                              grow economies and secure enough food, clean water 
                              and energy by ensuring land users an enabling 
                              environment for sustainable land management. 
                              Through partnerships, the Convention’s 197 parties 
                              set up robust systems to manage drought promptly 
                              and effectively. Good land stewardship based on 
                              sound policy and science helps integrate and 
                              accelerate achievement of the Sustainable 
                              Development Goals, builds resilience to climate 
                              change and prevents biodiversity 
                              loss.<BR> <BR>The UNCCD Secretariat led the 
                              creation of the SDS Compendium document in 
                              collaboration with the UNCCD Science-Policy 
                              Interface (SPI), the World Meteorological 
                              Organization (WMO), the World Health Organization 
                              (WHO), the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), UN 
                              Women, the Food and Agriculture Organization of 
                              the UN (FAO), the UN Development Programme (UNDP), 
                              the UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), 
                              and external experts and 
                              partners.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV>
                              <P 
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                              face="roboto, helvetica neue, helvetica, arial, sans-serif"><SPAN 
                              style="FONT-SIZE: 14px"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT> </P></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!--[if mso]>
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                      class=mcnFollowBlockInner vAlign=top align=middle>
                        <TABLE 
                        style="MIN-WIDTH: 100%; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                        class=mcnFollowContentContainer border=0 cellSpacing=0 
                        cellPadding=0 width="100%">
                          <TBODY>
                          <TR>
                            <TD 
                            style="PADDING-LEFT: 9px; PADDING-RIGHT: 9px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                            align=middle>
                              <TABLE 
                              style="MIN-WIDTH: 100%; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                              class=mcnFollowContent border=0 cellSpacing=0 
                              cellPadding=0 width="100%">
                                <TBODY>
                                <TR>
                                <TD 
                                style="PADDING-LEFT: 9px; PADDING-RIGHT: 9px; PADDING-TOP: 9px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                vAlign=top align=middle>
                                <TABLE 
                                style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 
                                align=center>
                                <TBODY>
                                <TR>
                                <TD 
                                style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                vAlign=top align=middle><!--[if mso]>
                                    <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
                                    <tr>
                                    <![endif]--><!--[if mso]>
                                        <td align="center" valign="top">
                                        <![endif]-->
                                <TABLE 
                                style="DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 align=left>
                                <TBODY>
                                <TR>
                                <TD 
                                style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 9px; PADDING-RIGHT: 10px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                class=mcnFollowContentItemContainer vAlign=top>
                                <TABLE 
                                style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                class=mcnFollowContentItem border=0 
                                cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
                                <TBODY>
                                <TR>
                                <TD 
                                style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 5px; PADDING-LEFT: 9px; PADDING-RIGHT: 10px; PADDING-TOP: 5px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                vAlign=center align=left>
                                <TABLE 
                                style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 align=left>
                                <TBODY>
                                <TR>
                                <TD 
                                style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                class=mcnFollowIconContent vAlign=center 
                                width=24 align=middle><A 
                                style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                href="https://unccd.us6.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d257fa3ad4084c603979d0e42&id=1859460f54&e=2649914cd5" 
                                target=_blank><IMG 
                                style="BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: none; DISPLAY: block; -MS-INTERPOLATION-MODE: bicubic; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; TEXT-DECORATION: none" 
                                alt=Twitter 
                                src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/icons/social-block-v2/color-twitter-48.png" 
                                width=24 height=24></A> 
                                </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!--[if mso]>
                                        </td>
                                        <![endif]--><!--[if mso]>
                                        <td align="center" valign="top">
                                        <![endif]-->
                                <TABLE 
                                style="DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 align=left>
                                <TBODY>
                                <TR>
                                <TD 
                                style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 9px; PADDING-RIGHT: 10px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                class=mcnFollowContentItemContainer vAlign=top>
                                <TABLE 
                                style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                class=mcnFollowContentItem border=0 
                                cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
                                <TBODY>
                                <TR>
                                <TD 
                                style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 5px; PADDING-LEFT: 9px; PADDING-RIGHT: 10px; PADDING-TOP: 5px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                vAlign=center align=left>
                                <TABLE 
                                style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 align=left>
                                <TBODY>
                                <TR>
                                <TD 
                                style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                class=mcnFollowIconContent vAlign=center 
                                width=24 align=middle><A 
                                style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                href="https://unccd.us6.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d257fa3ad4084c603979d0e42&id=2e5f5c41c0&e=2649914cd5" 
                                target=_blank><IMG 
                                style="BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: none; DISPLAY: block; -MS-INTERPOLATION-MODE: bicubic; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; TEXT-DECORATION: none" 
                                alt=Facebook 
                                src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/icons/social-block-v2/color-facebook-48.png" 
                                width=24 height=24></A> 
                                </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!--[if mso]>
                                        </td>
                                        <![endif]--><!--[if mso]>
                                        <td align="center" valign="top">
                                        <![endif]-->
                                <TABLE 
                                style="DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 align=left>
                                <TBODY>
                                <TR>
                                <TD 
                                style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 9px; PADDING-RIGHT: 10px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                class=mcnFollowContentItemContainer vAlign=top>
                                <TABLE 
                                style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                class=mcnFollowContentItem border=0 
                                cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
                                <TBODY>
                                <TR>
                                <TD 
                                style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 5px; PADDING-LEFT: 9px; PADDING-RIGHT: 10px; PADDING-TOP: 5px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                vAlign=center align=left>
                                <TABLE 
                                style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 align=left>
                                <TBODY>
                                <TR>
                                <TD 
                                style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                class=mcnFollowIconContent vAlign=center 
                                width=24 align=middle><A 
                                style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                href="https://unccd.us6.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d257fa3ad4084c603979d0e42&id=19edffbb28&e=2649914cd5" 
                                target=_blank><IMG 
                                style="BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: none; DISPLAY: block; -MS-INTERPOLATION-MODE: bicubic; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; TEXT-DECORATION: none" 
                                alt=https://www.unccd.int/ 
                                src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/icons/social-block-v2/color-link-48.png" 
                                width=24 height=24></A> 
                                </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!--[if mso]>
                                        </td>
                                        <![endif]--><!--[if mso]>
                                        <td align="center" valign="top">
                                        <![endif]-->
                                <TABLE 
                                style="DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 align=left>
                                <TBODY>
                                <TR>
                                <TD 
                                style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 9px; PADDING-RIGHT: 10px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                class=mcnFollowContentItemContainer vAlign=top>
                                <TABLE 
                                style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                class=mcnFollowContentItem border=0 
                                cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
                                <TBODY>
                                <TR>
                                <TD 
                                style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 5px; PADDING-LEFT: 9px; PADDING-RIGHT: 10px; PADDING-TOP: 5px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                vAlign=center align=left>
                                <TABLE 
                                style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 align=left>
                                <TBODY>
                                <TR>
                                <TD 
                                style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                class=mcnFollowIconContent vAlign=center 
                                width=24 align=middle><A 
                                style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                href="https://unccd.us6.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d257fa3ad4084c603979d0e42&id=a36c46406d&e=2649914cd5" 
                                target=_blank><IMG 
                                style="BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: none; DISPLAY: block; -MS-INTERPOLATION-MODE: bicubic; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; TEXT-DECORATION: none" 
                                alt=Instagram 
                                src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/icons/social-block-v2/color-instagram-48.png" 
                                width=24 height=24></A> 
                                </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!--[if mso]>
                                        </td>
                                        <![endif]--><!--[if mso]>
                                        <td align="center" valign="top">
                                        <![endif]-->
                                <TABLE 
                                style="DISPLAY: inline; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 align=left>
                                <TBODY>
                                <TR>
                                <TD 
                                style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 9px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                class=mcnFollowContentItemContainer vAlign=top>
                                <TABLE 
                                style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                class=mcnFollowContentItem border=0 
                                cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%">
                                <TBODY>
                                <TR>
                                <TD 
                                style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 5px; PADDING-LEFT: 9px; PADDING-RIGHT: 10px; PADDING-TOP: 5px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                vAlign=center align=left>
                                <TABLE 
                                style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 align=left>
                                <TBODY>
                                <TR>
                                <TD 
                                style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                class=mcnFollowIconContent vAlign=center 
                                width=24 align=middle><A 
                                style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                                href="https://unccd.us6.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d257fa3ad4084c603979d0e42&id=dbc7f375c3&e=2649914cd5" 
                                target=_blank><IMG 
                                style="BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; OUTLINE-STYLE: none; DISPLAY: block; -MS-INTERPOLATION-MODE: bicubic; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; TEXT-DECORATION: none" 
                                alt=YouTube 
                                src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/icons/social-block-v2/color-youtube-48.png" 
                                width=24 height=24></A> 
                                </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!--[if mso]>
                                        </td>
                                        <![endif]--><!--[if mso]>
                                    </tr>
                                    </table>
                                    <![endif]--></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
                  <TABLE 
                  style="MIN-WIDTH: 100%; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; TABLE-LAYOUT: fixed !important; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                  class=mcnDividerBlock border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 
                  width="100%">
                    <TBODY class=mcnDividerBlockOuter>
                    <TR>
                      <TD 
                      style="MIN-WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-BOTTOM: 18px; PADDING-LEFT: 18px; PADDING-RIGHT: 18px; PADDING-TOP: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                      class=mcnDividerBlockInner>
                        <TABLE 
                        style="MIN-WIDTH: 100%; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; BORDER-TOP: #eaeaea 2px solid; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                        class=mcnDividerContent border=0 cellSpacing=0 
                        cellPadding=0 width="100%">
                          <TBODY>
                          <TR>
                            <TD 
                            style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%"><SPAN></SPAN></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!--
                <td class="mcnDividerBlockInner" style="padding: 18px;">
                <hr class="mcnDividerContent" style="border-bottom-color:none; border-left-color:none; border-right-color:none; border-bottom-width:0; border-left-width:0; border-right-width:0; margin-top:0; margin-right:0; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:0;" />
--></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
                  <TABLE 
                  style="MIN-WIDTH: 100%; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                  class=mcnTextBlock border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 
                  width="100%">
                    <TBODY class=mcnTextBlockOuter>
                    <TR>
                      <TD 
                      style="PADDING-TOP: 9px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                      class=mcnTextBlockInner vAlign=top><!--[if mso]>
                                <table align="left" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="width:100%;">
                                <tr>
                                <![endif]--><!--[if mso]>
                                <td valign="top" width="600" style="width:600px;">
                                <![endif]-->
                        <TABLE 
                        style="MIN-WIDTH: 100%; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                        class=mcnTextContentContainer border=0 cellSpacing=0 
                        cellPadding=0 width="100%" align=left>
                          <TBODY>
                          <TR>
                            <TD 
                            style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; PADDING-BOTTOM: 9px; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-LEFT: 18px; PADDING-RIGHT: 18px; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; COLOR: #656565; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                            class=mcnTextContent vAlign=top><EM>Copyright © 
                              2023* United Nations Convention to Combat 
                              Desertification*, All rights 
                              reserved.</EM><BR><BR><STRONG>For preview 
                              interviews and media related inquires 
                              </STRONG>please contact:<BR>UNCCD Press Office: <A 
                              style="COLOR: #656565; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
                              href="mailto:press@unccd.int">press@unccd.int</A> <BR><BR></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!--[if mso]>
                                </td>
                                <![endif]--><!--[if mso]>
                                </tr>
                                </table>
                                <![endif]--></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
                  <TABLE 
                  style="MIN-WIDTH: 100%; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; TABLE-LAYOUT: fixed !important; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%" 
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                              <DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
                              <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial" 
                              align=left><B>From:</B> <A title=press@unccd.int 
                              href="mailto:press@unccd.int">UNCCD 
                              Secretariat</A> </DIV>
                              <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial" 
                              align=left><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, November 15, 
                              2023 11:24 AM</DIV>
                              <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial" 
                              align=left><B>Subject:</B> UNCCD PRESS RELEASE: 
                              Sand and Dust Storm Frequency Increasing in Many 
                              World Regions, UN Warns</DIV>
                              <DIV align=left><BR></DIV>
                              <DIV align=left><!--
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                              class=mcnPreviewText>UNCCD PRESS RELEASE: Sand and 
                              Dust Storm Frequency Increasing in Many World 
                              </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!--
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