<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML
style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><HEAD><TITLE></TITLE>
<META content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv=Content-Type><!--[if !mso]><!-->
<META content=IE=edge http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible><!--<![endif]-->
<META name=viewport content=width=device-width>
<STYLE type=text/css>
@media Unknown
{
.column {
}
.wrapper {
MIN-WIDTH: 600px !important
}
.wrapper H1 {
}
.wrapper H1 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 36px !important; FONT-SIZE: 28px !important
}
.wrapper H2 {
}
.wrapper H2 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 31px !important; FONT-SIZE: 22px !important
}
.wrapper H3 {
}
.wrapper H3 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important; FONT-SIZE: 18px !important
}
.wrapper .size-8 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 14px !important; FONT-SIZE: 8px !important
}
.wrapper .size-8-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 14px !important; FONT-SIZE: 8px !important
}
.wrapper .size-8-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 14px !important; FONT-SIZE: 8px !important
}
.wrapper .size-8-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 16px !important
}
.wrapper .size-8-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 24px !important
}
.wrapper .size-9 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 16px !important; FONT-SIZE: 9px !important
}
.wrapper .size-9-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 16px !important; FONT-SIZE: 9px !important
}
.wrapper .size-9-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 16px !important; FONT-SIZE: 9px !important
}
.wrapper .size-9-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 18px !important
}
.wrapper .size-9-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 27px !important
}
.wrapper .size-10 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 18px !important; FONT-SIZE: 10px !important
}
.wrapper .size-10-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 18px !important; FONT-SIZE: 10px !important
}
.wrapper .size-10-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 18px !important; FONT-SIZE: 10px !important
}
.wrapper .size-10-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 20px !important
}
.wrapper .size-10-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 30px !important
}
.wrapper .size-11 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 19px !important; FONT-SIZE: 11px !important
}
.wrapper .size-11-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 19px !important; FONT-SIZE: 11px !important
}
.wrapper .size-11-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 19px !important; FONT-SIZE: 11px !important
}
.wrapper .size-11-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 22px !important
}
.wrapper .size-11-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 33px !important
}
.wrapper .size-12 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 19px !important; FONT-SIZE: 12px !important
}
.wrapper .size-12-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 19px !important; FONT-SIZE: 12px !important
}
.wrapper .size-12-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 19px !important; FONT-SIZE: 12px !important
}
.wrapper .size-12-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 24px !important
}
.wrapper .size-12-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 36px !important
}
.wrapper .size-13 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 21px !important; FONT-SIZE: 13px !important
}
.wrapper .size-13-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 21px !important; FONT-SIZE: 13px !important
}
.wrapper .size-13-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 21px !important; FONT-SIZE: 13px !important
}
.wrapper .size-13-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important
}
.wrapper .size-13-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 39px !important
}
.wrapper .size-14 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 21px !important; FONT-SIZE: 14px !important
}
.wrapper .size-14-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 21px !important; FONT-SIZE: 14px !important
}
.wrapper .size-14-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 21px !important; FONT-SIZE: 14px !important
}
.wrapper .size-14-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 28px !important
}
.wrapper .size-14-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 42px !important
}
.wrapper .size-15 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 23px !important; FONT-SIZE: 15px !important
}
.wrapper .size-15-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 23px !important; FONT-SIZE: 15px !important
}
.wrapper .size-15-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 23px !important; FONT-SIZE: 15px !important
}
.wrapper .size-15-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 30px !important
}
.wrapper .size-15-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 45px !important
}
.wrapper .size-16 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 24px !important; FONT-SIZE: 16px !important
}
.wrapper .size-16-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 24px !important; FONT-SIZE: 16px !important
}
.wrapper .size-16-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 24px !important; FONT-SIZE: 16px !important
}
.wrapper .size-16-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 32px !important
}
.wrapper .size-16-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 48px !important
}
.wrapper .size-17 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important; FONT-SIZE: 17px !important
}
.wrapper .size-17-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important; FONT-SIZE: 17px !important
}
.wrapper .size-17-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important; FONT-SIZE: 17px !important
}
.wrapper .size-17-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 34px !important
}
.wrapper .size-17-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 51px !important
}
.wrapper .size-18 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important; FONT-SIZE: 18px !important
}
.wrapper .size-18-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important; FONT-SIZE: 18px !important
}
.wrapper .size-18-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important; FONT-SIZE: 18px !important
}
.wrapper .size-18-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 36px !important
}
.wrapper .size-18-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 54px !important
}
.wrapper .size-20 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 28px !important; FONT-SIZE: 20px !important
}
.wrapper .size-20-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 28px !important; FONT-SIZE: 20px !important
}
.wrapper .size-20-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 28px !important; FONT-SIZE: 20px !important
}
.wrapper .size-20-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 40px !important
}
.wrapper .size-20-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 60px !important
}
.wrapper .size-22 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 31px !important; FONT-SIZE: 22px !important
}
.wrapper .size-22-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 31px !important; FONT-SIZE: 22px !important
}
.wrapper .size-22-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 31px !important; FONT-SIZE: 22px !important
}
.wrapper .size-22-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 44px !important
}
.wrapper .size-22-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 66px !important
}
.wrapper .size-24 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 32px !important; FONT-SIZE: 24px !important
}
.wrapper .size-24-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 32px !important; FONT-SIZE: 24px !important
}
.wrapper .size-24-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 32px !important; FONT-SIZE: 24px !important
}
.wrapper .size-24-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 48px !important
}
.wrapper .size-24-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 72px !important
}
.wrapper .size-26 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 34px !important; FONT-SIZE: 26px !important
}
.wrapper .size-26-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 34px !important; FONT-SIZE: 26px !important
}
.wrapper .size-26-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 34px !important; FONT-SIZE: 26px !important
}
.wrapper .size-26-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 52px !important
}
.wrapper .size-26-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 78px !important
}
.wrapper .size-28 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 36px !important; FONT-SIZE: 28px !important
}
.wrapper .size-28-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 36px !important; FONT-SIZE: 28px !important
}
.wrapper .size-28-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 36px !important; FONT-SIZE: 28px !important
}
.wrapper .size-28-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 56px !important
}
.wrapper .size-28-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 84px !important
}
.wrapper .size-30 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 38px !important; FONT-SIZE: 30px !important
}
.wrapper .size-30-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 38px !important; FONT-SIZE: 30px !important
}
.wrapper .size-30-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 38px !important; FONT-SIZE: 30px !important
}
.wrapper .size-30-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 60px !important
}
.wrapper .size-30-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 90px !important
}
.wrapper .size-32 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 40px !important; FONT-SIZE: 32px !important
}
.wrapper .size-32-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 40px !important; FONT-SIZE: 32px !important
}
.wrapper .size-32-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 40px !important; FONT-SIZE: 32px !important
}
.wrapper .size-32-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 64px !important
}
.wrapper .size-32-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 96px !important
}
.wrapper .size-34 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 43px !important; FONT-SIZE: 34px !important
}
.wrapper .size-34-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 43px !important; FONT-SIZE: 34px !important
}
.wrapper .size-34-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 43px !important; FONT-SIZE: 34px !important
}
.wrapper .size-34-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 68px !important
}
.wrapper .size-34-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 102px !important
}
.wrapper .size-36 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 43px !important; FONT-SIZE: 36px !important
}
.wrapper .size-36-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 43px !important; FONT-SIZE: 36px !important
}
.wrapper .size-36-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 43px !important; FONT-SIZE: 36px !important
}
.wrapper .size-36-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 72px !important
}
.wrapper .size-36-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 108px !important
}
.wrapper .size-40 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 47px !important; FONT-SIZE: 40px !important
}
.wrapper .size-40-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 47px !important; FONT-SIZE: 40px !important
}
.wrapper .size-40-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 47px !important; FONT-SIZE: 40px !important
}
.wrapper .size-40-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 80px !important
}
.wrapper .size-40-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 120px !important
}
.wrapper .size-44 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 50px !important; FONT-SIZE: 44px !important
}
.wrapper .size-44-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 50px !important; FONT-SIZE: 44px !important
}
.wrapper .size-44-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 50px !important; FONT-SIZE: 44px !important
}
.wrapper .size-44-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 88px !important
}
.wrapper .size-44-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 132px !important
}
.wrapper .size-48 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 54px !important; FONT-SIZE: 48px !important
}
.wrapper .size-48-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 54px !important; FONT-SIZE: 48px !important
}
.wrapper .size-48-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 54px !important; FONT-SIZE: 48px !important
}
.wrapper .size-48-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 96px !important
}
.wrapper .size-48-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 144px !important
}
.wrapper .size-56 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 60px !important; FONT-SIZE: 56px !important
}
.wrapper .size-56-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 60px !important; FONT-SIZE: 56px !important
}
.wrapper .size-56-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 60px !important; FONT-SIZE: 56px !important
}
.wrapper .size-56-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 112px !important
}
.wrapper .size-56-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 168px !important
}
.wrapper .size-64 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 68px !important; FONT-SIZE: 64px !important
}
.wrapper .size-64-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 68px !important; FONT-SIZE: 64px !important
}
.wrapper .size-64-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 68px !important; FONT-SIZE: 64px !important
}
.wrapper .size-64-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 128px !important
}
.wrapper .size-64-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 192px !important
}
.wrapper .size-72 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 76px !important; FONT-SIZE: 72px !important
}
.wrapper .size-72-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 76px !important; FONT-SIZE: 72px !important
}
.wrapper .size-72-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 76px !important; FONT-SIZE: 72px !important
}
.wrapper .size-72-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 144px !important
}
.wrapper .size-72-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 216px !important
}
.wrapper .size-80 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 84px !important; FONT-SIZE: 80px !important
}
.wrapper .size-80-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 84px !important; FONT-SIZE: 80px !important
}
.wrapper .size-80-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 84px !important; FONT-SIZE: 80px !important
}
.wrapper .size-80-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 160px !important
}
.wrapper .size-80-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 240px !important
}
.wrapper .size-96 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 100px !important; FONT-SIZE: 96px !important
}
.wrapper .size-96-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 100px !important; FONT-SIZE: 96px !important
}
.wrapper .size-96-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 100px !important; FONT-SIZE: 96px !important
}
.wrapper .size-96-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 192px !important
}
.wrapper .size-96-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 288px !important
}
.wrapper .size-112 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 116px !important; FONT-SIZE: 112px !important
}
.wrapper .size-112-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 116px !important; FONT-SIZE: 112px !important
}
.wrapper .size-112-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 116px !important; FONT-SIZE: 112px !important
}
.wrapper .size-112-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 224px !important
}
.wrapper .size-112-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 336px !important
}
.wrapper .size-128 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 132px !important; FONT-SIZE: 128px !important
}
.wrapper .size-128-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 132px !important; FONT-SIZE: 128px !important
}
.wrapper .size-128-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 132px !important; FONT-SIZE: 128px !important
}
.wrapper .size-128-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 256px !important
}
.wrapper .size-128-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 384px !important
}
.wrapper .size-144 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 148px !important; FONT-SIZE: 144px !important
}
.wrapper .size-144-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 148px !important; FONT-SIZE: 144px !important
}
.wrapper .size-144-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 148px !important; FONT-SIZE: 144px !important
}
.wrapper .size-144-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 288px !important
}
.wrapper .size-144-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 432px !important
}
}
</STYLE>
<META name=x-apple-disable-message-reformatting>
<STYLE type=text/css>
.main, .mso {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
table-layout: fixed;
}
* {
line-height: inherit;
}
[x-apple-data-detectors] {
color: inherit !important;
text-decoration: none !important;
}
.wrapper .footer__share-button a:hover,
.wrapper .footer__share-button a:focus {
color: #ffffff !important;
}
.wrapper .footer__share-button a.icon-white:hover,
.wrapper .footer__share-button a.icon-white:focus {
color: #ffffff !important;
}
.wrapper .footer__share-button a.icon-black:hover,
.wrapper .footer__share-button a.icon-black:focus {
color: #000000 !important;
}
.btn a:hover,
.btn a:focus,
.footer__share-button a:hover,
.footer__share-button a:focus,
.email-footer__links a:hover,
.email-footer__links a:focus {
opacity: 0.8;
}
.preheader,
.header,
.layout,
.column {
transition: width 0.25s ease-in-out, max-width 0.25s ease-in-out;
}
.preheader td {
padding-bottom: 8px;
}
.layout,
div.header {
max-width: 400px !important;
-fallback-width: 95% !important;
width: calc(100% - 20px) !important;
}
div.preheader {
max-width: 360px !important;
-fallback-width: 90% !important;
width: calc(100% - 60px) !important;
}
.snippet,
.webversion {
Float: none !important;
}
.stack .column {
max-width: 400px !important;
width: 100% !important;
}
.fixed-width.has-border {
max-width: 402px !important;
}
.fixed-width.has-border .layout__inner {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.snippet,
.webversion {
width: 50% !important;
}
.mso .layout__edges {
font-size: 0;
}
.layout-fixed-width,
.mso .layout-full-width {
background-color: #ffffff;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 620px) {
.column,
.gutter {
display: table-cell;
Float: none !important;
vertical-align: top;
}
div.preheader,
.email-footer {
max-width: 560px !important;
width: 560px !important;
}
.snippet,
.webversion {
width: 280px !important;
}
div.header,
.layout,
.one-col .column {
max-width: 600px !important;
width: 600px !important;
}
.fixed-width.has-border,
.fixed-width.x_has-border,
.has-gutter.has-border,
.has-gutter.x_has-border {
max-width: 602px !important;
width: 602px !important;
}
.two-col .column {
max-width: 300px !important;
width: 300px !important;
}
.three-col .column,
.column.narrow,
.column.x_narrow {
max-width: 200px !important;
width: 200px !important;
}
.column.wide,
.column.x_wide {
width: 400px !important;
}
.two-col.has-gutter .column,
.two-col.x_has-gutter .column {
max-width: 290px !important;
width: 290px !important;
}
.three-col.has-gutter .column,
.three-col.x_has-gutter .column,
.has-gutter .narrow {
max-width: 188px !important;
width: 188px !important;
}
.has-gutter .wide {
max-width: 394px !important;
width: 394px !important;
}
.two-col.has-gutter.has-border .column,
.two-col.x_has-gutter.x_has-border .column {
max-width: 292px !important;
width: 292px !important;
}
.three-col.has-gutter.has-border .column,
.three-col.x_has-gutter.x_has-border .column,
.has-gutter.has-border .narrow,
.has-gutter.x_has-border .narrow {
max-width: 190px !important;
width: 190px !important;
}
.has-gutter.has-border .wide,
.has-gutter.x_has-border .wide {
max-width: 396px !important;
width: 396px !important;
}
}
@supports (display: flex) {
@media only screen and (min-width: 620px) {
.fixed-width.has-border .layout__inner {
display: flex !important;
}
}
}
/***
* Mobile Styles
*
* 1. Overriding inline styles
*/
@media(max-width: 619px) {
.email-flexible-footer .left-aligned-footer .column,
.email-flexible-footer .center-aligned-footer,
.email-flexible-footer .right-aligned-footer .column {
max-width: 100% !important; /* [1] */
text-align: center !important; /* [1] */
width: 100% !important; /* [1] */
}
.flexible-footer-logo {
margin-left: 0px !important; /* [1] */
margin-right: 0px !important; /* [1] */
}
.email-flexible-footer .left-aligned-footer .flexible-footer__share-button__container,
.email-flexible-footer .center-aligned-footer .flexible-footer__share-button__container,
.email-flexible-footer .right-aligned-footer .flexible-footer__share-button__container {
display: inline-block;
margin-left: 5px !important; /* [1] */
margin-right: 5px !important; /* [1] */
}
.email-flexible-footer__additionalinfo--center {
text-align: center !important; /* [1] */
}
.email-flexible-footer .left-aligned-footer table,
.email-flexible-footer .center-aligned-footer table,
.email-flexible-footer .right-aligned-footer table {
display: table !important; /* [1] */
width: 100% !important; /* [1] */
}
.email-flexible-footer .footer__share-button,
.email-flexible-footer .email-footer__additional-info {
margin-left: 20px;
margin-right: 20px;
}
}
@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), only screen and (min--moz-device-pixel-ratio: 2), only screen and (-o-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2/1), only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), only screen and (min-resolution: 192dpi), only screen and (min-resolution: 2dppx) {
.fblike {
background-image: url(http://i7.cmail19.com/static/eb/master/13-the-blueprint-3/images/fblike@2x.png) !important;
}
.tweet {
background-image: url(http://i8.cmail19.com/static/eb/master/13-the-blueprint-3/images/tweet@2x.png) !important;
}
.linkedinshare {
background-image: url(http://i9.cmail19.com/static/eb/master/13-the-blueprint-3/images/lishare@2x.png) !important;
}
.forwardtoafriend {
background-image: url(http://i10.cmail19.com/static/eb/master/13-the-blueprint-3/images/forward@2x.png) !important;
}
}
@media (max-width: 321px) {
.fixed-width.has-border .layout__inner {
border-width: 1px 0 !important;
}
.layout,
.stack .column {
min-width: 320px !important;
width: 320px !important;
}
.border {
display: none;
}
.has-gutter .border {
display: table-cell;
}
}
.cmctbl--inline table {
border-collapse: collapse;
}
</STYLE>
<!--[if !mso]><!-->
<STYLE type=text/css>
@import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat:400,700,400italic,700italic);
</STYLE>
<LINK rel=stylesheet type=text/css
href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat:400,700,400italic,700italic"><!--<![endif]-->
<STYLE type=text/css>
.main,.mso{background-color:#fff}.logo a:hover,.logo a:focus{color:#1e2e3b !important}.footer-logo a:hover,.footer-logo a:focus{color:#372d1b !important}.mso .layout-has-border{border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mso .layout-has-bottom-border{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mso .border{background-color:#ccc}.mso h1{}.mso h1{font-size:28px !important;line-height:36px !important}.mso h2{}.mso h2{font-size:22px !important;line-height:31px !important}.mso h3{}.mso h3{font-size:18px !important;line-height:26px !important}.mso .layout__inner{}.mso .footer__share-button p{}.mso .footer__share-button p{font-family:Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif}
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<DIV
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sea-level rise is 'preventable'
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images? <A
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<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">The melting of Earth's
largest volume of land-based ice this century is now beyond humanity's
control, according to a new study. Even if global heating can be halted at
1.5°C, the West Antarctic ice sheet will melt three times faster than the
historical rate, with dire consequences for coastal communities
worldwide.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">You're reading the Imagine
newsletter – a weekly synthesis of academic insight on solutions to
climate change, brought to you by The Conversation. I'm Jack Marley,
energy and environment editor. This week, we're discussing the
implications of new research on West Antarctica for sea-level rise this
century.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"How do you tell a bad
news story?" Kaitlin Naughten asks. Naughten is an ocean-ice modeller at
the British Antarctic Survey and led the recent ice sheet research with
Jan De Rydt (Northumbria University) and Paul Holland (British Antarctic
Survey).</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"The conventional wisdom
is that you’re supposed to give people hope: to say that there’s a
disaster behind one door, but we can avoid it if only we choose a
different one. What do you do when your science tells you that all doors
lead to the same disaster?"</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Naughten and her
colleagues ran simulations of the 21st century on a supercomputer. Each
one compared temperature rises and ice-shelf melting in the Amundsen Sea
around western Antarctica up to 2100, varying by the amount of fossil
fuels burned and natural variations in the climate, like the timing of El
Niño.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Their results indicate
that <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-r/"><STRONG>substantial
melting of West Antarctica</STRONG></A> is guaranteed this century,
regardless of how quickly the world eliminates the fossil fuels driving
climate change.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">What this will mean for
sea-level rise is more complicated. In order to accurately predict how
much of the world's coastline will be flooded, their model would also need
to simulate the flow of Antarctica's glaciers and the accumulation of snow
on the vast ice sheet covering the frozen continent. </P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Even without that
information, Naughten and her colleagues believe that their findings imply
a rapid acceleration of sea-level rise.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"The West Antarctic ice
sheet is already contributing substantially to global sea-level rise and
is losing about 80 billion tonnes of ice a year," the team says. "It
contains enough ice to cause up to 5 metres of sea-level rise, but we
don’t know how much of it will melt, and how quickly."</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">It's bad news, but that
shouldn't induce despair, they caution. Their study considered changes to
the West Antarctic ice sheet up to 2100 – but the future doesn't end
there.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"Our simulations of the
1.5°C scenario show ice-shelf melting starting to plateau by the end of
the century, suggesting that further changes in the 22nd century and
beyond may still be preventable. Reducing sea-level rise after 2100, or
even slowing it down, could save many coastal cities."</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px"><STRONG>Save the living
coast</STRONG></P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Neil Saintilan has studied
coastal wetlands for more than 20 years. These are habitats on land which
are inundated by tides, including the wooded mangrove swamps of the
tropics and the grassy marshes of colder climes. He is a professor of
environmental science at Macquarie University in Australia.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"Much of the world’s
natural coastline is <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-y/"><STRONG>protected
by living habitats</STRONG></A>," Saintilan says.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"These ecosystems support
fisheries and wildlife, absorb the impact of crashing waves and clean up
pollutants. But these vital services are threatened by global warming and
rising sea levels."</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px"><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-j/"><STRONG>Wetlands
have been mistreated</STRONG></A> for much of human history. A review
published earlier this year found that one-fifth of them were dug up,
drained and converted to farms or dwellings over the last three
centuries. </P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"Losing a wetland a few
acres in size may not sound much on a global or even national scale, but
it’s very serious for the nearby town that now floods when it rains and is
catastrophic for the specialised animals and plants, like curlews and
swallowtail butterflies, living there," says Christian Dunn, a wetland
ecologist at Bangor University.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">The review also contained
some good news: much less wetland area has been lost globally than
scientists once thought. If allowed to recover, these habitats could
buffer coastal communities from surging tides and storms, stall floods,
delay droughts and draw down more of the atmospheric carbon fuelling
climate change.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">But what is in store for
coastal wetlands as sea levels rise? A study published in 2019 suggested
that they <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-t/"><STRONG>might
become even more useful</STRONG></A> in resisting the upwards climb
of Earth's temperature. </P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Already credited with
storing the most carbon of all ecosystems, coastal wetlands can adapt to
sea-level rise as they have in the past: by raising their soil level and
developing denser roots capable of trapping even more carbon-rich
sediment, the paper argued.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Sounds promising, but
Saintilan warns that it would be unwise to overstate the resilience of
these ecosystems. </P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">As part of an
international team, he used computer modelling to predict the fate of 90
mangroves, 477 tidal marshes and 872 coral reef islands worldwide in a
recently published report. Their analysis drew on geological records of
coastal habitats to understand how they responded to sea-level rise
following the last Ice Age, as well as contemporary surveys and satellite
imagery.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"We found most tidal
marshes and mangroves are keeping pace with current rates of sea-level
rise, around 2–4mm per year," he says. But in some parts of the world, the
land is subsiding. This has doubled the rate of sea-level rise in some
areas, offering a glimpse of what coastal wetlands will face if warming
exceeds 1.5°C.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"They are slowly drowning
and in some cases, breaking up," Saintilan says. Warming of up to 2°C
could cause seas to rise up to 8mm a year, at which it becomes "very
likely" coastal wetlands will no longer keep pace. Roads and buildings may
make a landward retreat impossible and <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-i/"><STRONG>doom
many of these vital habitats</STRONG></A> to extinction he adds.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"There are some
consequences of climate change that can no longer be avoided, no matter
how much fossil fuel use falls," Naughten says. In the face of such
defeat, she urges people to be brave and to recognise that greater damage
can still be prevented.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"Courage means accepting
the need to adapt, protecting coastal communities where it’s possible to
do so, and rebuilding or abandoning them where it’s not."</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><EM>- Jack Marley, Environment commissioning
editor</EM></P></DIV></DIV>
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data-emb-iscopy="true">Subscribe to
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class=divider></DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td></tr></table><![endif]--></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15px; FONT-SIZE: 15px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: 320px; MAX-WIDTH: 600px; WORD-WRAP: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word"
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<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: table; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse"
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<DIV
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class=column>
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal"
align=center><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-h/"><IMG
style="BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 668px; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px"
class="gnd-corner-image gnd-corner-image-center gnd-corner-image-top"
alt="Icebergs at dusk."
src="http://i2.cmail19.com/ei/r/AB/E7E/C22/014220/csfinal/file-20231023-21-tlq49h-9900000000079e3c.jpeg"
width=600></A> </DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 11px">
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 28px; MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 20px"
lang=x-size-24 class=size-24><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-k/"><STRONG>Increasing
melting of West Antarctic ice shelves may be unavoidable –
new research</STRONG></A></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16>Humanity has lost control of West Antarctic
ice-sheet melting.</P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px"
class="btn btn--flat btn--small"><!--[if !mso]><!--><A
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href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-u/">Read
more</A><!--<![endif]--><!--[if mso]><p style="line-height:0;margin:0;"> </p><v:roundrect xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-u/" style="width:65.25pt" arcsize="13%" fillcolor="#29339B" stroke="f"><v:textbox style="mso-fit-shape-to-text:t" inset="0pt,3.75pt,0pt,3.75pt"><center style="font-size:11px;line-height:19px;color:#FFFFFF;font-family:Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-text-raise:1.25px">Read more</center></v:textbox></v:roundrect><![endif]-->
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<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 2px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ccc; WIDTH: 40px; DISPLAY: block; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; FONT-SIZE: 2px; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto"
class=divider></DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td></tr></table><![endif]--></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: 320px; MAX-WIDTH: 600px; WORD-WRAP: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word"
class="layout fixed-width stack">
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: table; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse"
class=layout__inner><!--[if mso]><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation"><tr class="layout-fixed-width" style="background-color: #ffffff;"><td style="width: 200px" valign="top" class="w160"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 200px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WIDTH: 320px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
class="column narrow">
<DIV style="MARGIN: 12px 20px">
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal"
align=center><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-o/"><IMG
style="BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 480px; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px"
alt="Aerial photograph showing sea water surrounding a hut and trees on a tiny island, o illustrate how sea level rise impacting the Solomon Islands."
src="http://i3.cmail19.com/ei/r/AB/E7E/C22/014220/csfinal/file-20230829-15-v3if80-990000079e01453c.jpeg"
width=160></A> </DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td><td style="width: 400px" valign="top" class="w360"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WIDTH: 320px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 400px; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
class="column wide">
<DIV style="MARGIN-TOP: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 11px">
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><STRONG><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-b/">We
studied more than 1,500 coastal ecosystems - they will drown if we let the
world warm above 2°C</A></STRONG></P>
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><SPAN style="COLOR: #202020">Rising seas are
pushing coastal ecosystems to the limit of endurance. Now international
research reveals a 'tipping point' will be reached if we allow more than 2
degrees of global warming. </SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: left" class="btn btn--flat btn--small"><!--[if !mso]><!--><A
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href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-n/">Read
more</A><!--<![endif]--><!--[if mso]><p style="line-height:0;margin:0;"> </p><v:roundrect xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-n/" style="width:65.25pt" arcsize="13%" fillcolor="#29339B" stroke="f"><v:textbox style="mso-fit-shape-to-text:t" inset="0pt,3.75pt,0pt,3.75pt"><center style="font-size:11px;line-height:19px;color:#FFFFFF;font-family:Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-text-raise:1.25px">Read more</center></v:textbox></v:roundrect><![endif]-->
</DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td></tr></table><![endif]--></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: 320px; MAX-WIDTH: 600px; WORD-WRAP: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word"
class="layout fixed-width stack">
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: table; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse"
class=layout__inner><!--[if mso]><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation"><tr class="layout-fixed-width" style="background-color: #ffffff;"><td style="width: 200px" valign="top" class="w160"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 200px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WIDTH: 320px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
class="column narrow">
<DIV style="MARGIN: 12px 20px">
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal"
align=center><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-p/"><IMG
style="BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 480px; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px"
alt="A large brown rodent emerges from water among lily pads."
src="http://i4.cmail19.com/ei/r/AB/E7E/C22/014220/csfinal/file-20230209-28-572jb3-990000079e01453c.jpeg"
width=160></A> </DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td><td style="width: 400px" valign="top" class="w360"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WIDTH: 320px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 400px; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
class="column wide">
<DIV style="MARGIN-TOP: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 11px">
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><STRONG><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-c/">Earth
has lost one-fifth of its wetlands since 1700 – but most could
still be saved</A></STRONG></P>
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><SPAN style="COLOR: #202020">The swamp has
not yet been drained everywhere.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: left" class="btn btn--flat btn--small"><!--[if !mso]><!--><A
style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6px; LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #29339b; PADDING-LEFT: 12px; PADDING-RIGHT: 12px; DISPLAY: inline-block; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat, DejaVu Sans, Verdana, sans-serif; COLOR: #ffffff !important; FONT-SIZE: 11px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-DECORATION: none !important; PADDING-TOP: 6px; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in; border-radius: 4px"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-q/">Read
more</A><!--<![endif]--><!--[if mso]><p style="line-height:0;margin:0;"> </p><v:roundrect xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-q/" style="width:65.25pt" arcsize="13%" fillcolor="#29339B" stroke="f"><v:textbox style="mso-fit-shape-to-text:t" inset="0pt,3.75pt,0pt,3.75pt"><center style="font-size:11px;line-height:19px;color:#FFFFFF;font-family:Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-text-raise:1.25px">Read more</center></v:textbox></v:roundrect><![endif]-->
</DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td></tr></table><![endif]--></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: 320px; MAX-WIDTH: 600px; WORD-WRAP: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word"
class="layout fixed-width stack">
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: table; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse"
class=layout__inner><!--[if mso]><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation"><tr class="layout-fixed-width" style="background-color: #ffffff;"><td style="width: 200px" valign="top" class="w160"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 200px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WIDTH: 320px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
class="column narrow">
<DIV style="MARGIN: 12px 20px">
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal"
align=center><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-a/"><IMG
style="BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 480px; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px"
alt="A mangrove treeline."
src="http://i5.cmail19.com/ei/r/AB/E7E/C22/014220/csfinal/file-20190306-48417-1mvzgzg-990000079e01453c.jpeg"
width=160></A> </DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td><td style="width: 400px" valign="top" class="w360"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WIDTH: 320px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 400px; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
class="column wide">
<DIV style="MARGIN-TOP: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 11px">
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><STRONG><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-f/">Rising
seas allow coastal wetlands to store more carbon</A></STRONG></P>
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><SPAN style="COLOR: #202020">One surprising
potential benefit of sea-level rise is it helps coastal wetlands store
more carbon. </SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: left" class="btn btn--flat btn--small"><!--[if !mso]><!--><A
style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6px; LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #29339b; PADDING-LEFT: 12px; PADDING-RIGHT: 12px; DISPLAY: inline-block; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat, DejaVu Sans, Verdana, sans-serif; COLOR: #ffffff !important; FONT-SIZE: 11px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-DECORATION: none !important; PADDING-TOP: 6px; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in; border-radius: 4px"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-z/">Read
more</A><!--<![endif]--><!--[if mso]><p style="line-height:0;margin:0;"> </p><v:roundrect xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-z/" style="width:65.25pt" arcsize="13%" fillcolor="#29339B" stroke="f"><v:textbox style="mso-fit-shape-to-text:t" inset="0pt,3.75pt,0pt,3.75pt"><center style="font-size:11px;line-height:19px;color:#FFFFFF;font-family:Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-text-raise:1.25px">Read more</center></v:textbox></v:roundrect><![endif]-->
</DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td></tr></table><![endif]--></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: 320px; MAX-WIDTH: 600px; WORD-WRAP: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word"
class="layout fixed-width stack">
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: table; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse"
class=layout__inner><!--[if mso]><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation"><tr class="layout-fixed-width" style="background-color: #ffffff;"><td style="width: 200px" valign="top" class="w160"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 200px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WIDTH: 320px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
class="column narrow">
<DIV style="MARGIN: 12px 20px">
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal"
align=center><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-v/"><IMG
style="BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 480px; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px"
alt="A blue meltwater lake on an ice sheet."
src="http://i6.cmail19.com/ei/r/AB/E7E/C22/014220/csfinal/file-20231018-17-rfjr6n-990000079e01453c.jpeg"
width=160></A> </DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td><td style="width: 400px" valign="top" class="w360"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WIDTH: 320px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 400px; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
class="column wide">
<DIV style="MARGIN-TOP: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 11px">
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><STRONG><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-e/">What
will happen to the Greenland ice sheet if we miss our global
warming targets</A></STRONG></P>
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><SPAN style="COLOR: #202020">The ice will
survive if temperatures are soon brought back down – new
study. </SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: left" class="btn btn--flat btn--small"><!--[if !mso]><!--><A
style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6px; LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #29339b; PADDING-LEFT: 12px; PADDING-RIGHT: 12px; DISPLAY: inline-block; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat, DejaVu Sans, Verdana, sans-serif; COLOR: #ffffff !important; FONT-SIZE: 11px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-DECORATION: none !important; PADDING-TOP: 6px; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in; border-radius: 4px"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-s/">Read
more</A><!--<![endif]--><!--[if mso]><p style="line-height:0;margin:0;"> </p><v:roundrect xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-s/" style="width:65.25pt" arcsize="13%" fillcolor="#29339B" stroke="f"><v:textbox style="mso-fit-shape-to-text:t" inset="0pt,3.75pt,0pt,3.75pt"><center style="font-size:11px;line-height:19px;color:#FFFFFF;font-family:Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-text-raise:1.25px">Read more</center></v:textbox></v:roundrect><![endif]-->
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href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tinutty-nljldnkrt-w/">The
sea isn’t actually ‘level’: why rising oceans will hit some cities more
than others</A></STRONG></P>
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warming and beyond, many megacities will have to cope with an increased
flood risk.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
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<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px"><EM
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email per week.</EM></P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px"><STRONG>Bill
Lang</STRONG></P></DIV></DIV>
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