<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML
style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><HEAD><TITLE></TITLE>
<META content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv=Content-Type><!--[if !mso]><!-->
<META content=IE=edge http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible><!--<![endif]-->
<META name=viewport content=width=device-width>
<STYLE type=text/css>
@media Unknown
{
.column {
}
.wrapper {
MIN-WIDTH: 600px !important
}
.wrapper H1 {
}
.wrapper H1 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 36px !important; FONT-SIZE: 28px !important
}
.wrapper H2 {
}
.wrapper H2 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 31px !important; FONT-SIZE: 22px !important
}
.wrapper H3 {
}
.wrapper H3 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important; FONT-SIZE: 18px !important
}
.wrapper .size-8 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 14px !important; FONT-SIZE: 8px !important
}
.wrapper .size-8-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 14px !important; FONT-SIZE: 8px !important
}
.wrapper .size-8-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 14px !important; FONT-SIZE: 8px !important
}
.wrapper .size-8-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 16px !important
}
.wrapper .size-8-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 24px !important
}
.wrapper .size-9 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 16px !important; FONT-SIZE: 9px !important
}
.wrapper .size-9-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 16px !important; FONT-SIZE: 9px !important
}
.wrapper .size-9-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 16px !important; FONT-SIZE: 9px !important
}
.wrapper .size-9-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 18px !important
}
.wrapper .size-9-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 27px !important
}
.wrapper .size-10 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 18px !important; FONT-SIZE: 10px !important
}
.wrapper .size-10-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 18px !important; FONT-SIZE: 10px !important
}
.wrapper .size-10-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 18px !important; FONT-SIZE: 10px !important
}
.wrapper .size-10-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 20px !important
}
.wrapper .size-10-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 30px !important
}
.wrapper .size-11 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 19px !important; FONT-SIZE: 11px !important
}
.wrapper .size-11-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 19px !important; FONT-SIZE: 11px !important
}
.wrapper .size-11-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 19px !important; FONT-SIZE: 11px !important
}
.wrapper .size-11-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 22px !important
}
.wrapper .size-11-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 33px !important
}
.wrapper .size-12 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 19px !important; FONT-SIZE: 12px !important
}
.wrapper .size-12-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 19px !important; FONT-SIZE: 12px !important
}
.wrapper .size-12-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 19px !important; FONT-SIZE: 12px !important
}
.wrapper .size-12-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 24px !important
}
.wrapper .size-12-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 36px !important
}
.wrapper .size-13 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 21px !important; FONT-SIZE: 13px !important
}
.wrapper .size-13-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 21px !important; FONT-SIZE: 13px !important
}
.wrapper .size-13-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 21px !important; FONT-SIZE: 13px !important
}
.wrapper .size-13-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important
}
.wrapper .size-13-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 39px !important
}
.wrapper .size-14 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 21px !important; FONT-SIZE: 14px !important
}
.wrapper .size-14-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 21px !important; FONT-SIZE: 14px !important
}
.wrapper .size-14-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 21px !important; FONT-SIZE: 14px !important
}
.wrapper .size-14-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 28px !important
}
.wrapper .size-14-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 42px !important
}
.wrapper .size-15 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 23px !important; FONT-SIZE: 15px !important
}
.wrapper .size-15-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 23px !important; FONT-SIZE: 15px !important
}
.wrapper .size-15-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 23px !important; FONT-SIZE: 15px !important
}
.wrapper .size-15-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 30px !important
}
.wrapper .size-15-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 45px !important
}
.wrapper .size-16 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 24px !important; FONT-SIZE: 16px !important
}
.wrapper .size-16-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 24px !important; FONT-SIZE: 16px !important
}
.wrapper .size-16-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 24px !important; FONT-SIZE: 16px !important
}
.wrapper .size-16-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 32px !important
}
.wrapper .size-16-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 48px !important
}
.wrapper .size-17 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important; FONT-SIZE: 17px !important
}
.wrapper .size-17-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important; FONT-SIZE: 17px !important
}
.wrapper .size-17-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important; FONT-SIZE: 17px !important
}
.wrapper .size-17-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 34px !important
}
.wrapper .size-17-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 51px !important
}
.wrapper .size-18 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important; FONT-SIZE: 18px !important
}
.wrapper .size-18-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important; FONT-SIZE: 18px !important
}
.wrapper .size-18-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 26px !important; FONT-SIZE: 18px !important
}
.wrapper .size-18-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 36px !important
}
.wrapper .size-18-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 54px !important
}
.wrapper .size-20 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 28px !important; FONT-SIZE: 20px !important
}
.wrapper .size-20-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 28px !important; FONT-SIZE: 20px !important
}
.wrapper .size-20-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 28px !important; FONT-SIZE: 20px !important
}
.wrapper .size-20-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 40px !important
}
.wrapper .size-20-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 60px !important
}
.wrapper .size-22 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 31px !important; FONT-SIZE: 22px !important
}
.wrapper .size-22-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 31px !important; FONT-SIZE: 22px !important
}
.wrapper .size-22-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 31px !important; FONT-SIZE: 22px !important
}
.wrapper .size-22-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 44px !important
}
.wrapper .size-22-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 66px !important
}
.wrapper .size-24 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 32px !important; FONT-SIZE: 24px !important
}
.wrapper .size-24-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 32px !important; FONT-SIZE: 24px !important
}
.wrapper .size-24-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 32px !important; FONT-SIZE: 24px !important
}
.wrapper .size-24-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 48px !important
}
.wrapper .size-24-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 72px !important
}
.wrapper .size-26 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 34px !important; FONT-SIZE: 26px !important
}
.wrapper .size-26-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 34px !important; FONT-SIZE: 26px !important
}
.wrapper .size-26-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 34px !important; FONT-SIZE: 26px !important
}
.wrapper .size-26-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 52px !important
}
.wrapper .size-26-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 78px !important
}
.wrapper .size-28 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 36px !important; FONT-SIZE: 28px !important
}
.wrapper .size-28-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 36px !important; FONT-SIZE: 28px !important
}
.wrapper .size-28-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 36px !important; FONT-SIZE: 28px !important
}
.wrapper .size-28-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 56px !important
}
.wrapper .size-28-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 84px !important
}
.wrapper .size-30 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 38px !important; FONT-SIZE: 30px !important
}
.wrapper .size-30-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 38px !important; FONT-SIZE: 30px !important
}
.wrapper .size-30-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 38px !important; FONT-SIZE: 30px !important
}
.wrapper .size-30-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 60px !important
}
.wrapper .size-30-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 90px !important
}
.wrapper .size-32 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 40px !important; FONT-SIZE: 32px !important
}
.wrapper .size-32-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 40px !important; FONT-SIZE: 32px !important
}
.wrapper .size-32-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 40px !important; FONT-SIZE: 32px !important
}
.wrapper .size-32-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 64px !important
}
.wrapper .size-32-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 96px !important
}
.wrapper .size-34 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 43px !important; FONT-SIZE: 34px !important
}
.wrapper .size-34-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 43px !important; FONT-SIZE: 34px !important
}
.wrapper .size-34-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 43px !important; FONT-SIZE: 34px !important
}
.wrapper .size-34-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 68px !important
}
.wrapper .size-34-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 102px !important
}
.wrapper .size-36 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 43px !important; FONT-SIZE: 36px !important
}
.wrapper .size-36-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 43px !important; FONT-SIZE: 36px !important
}
.wrapper .size-36-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 43px !important; FONT-SIZE: 36px !important
}
.wrapper .size-36-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 72px !important
}
.wrapper .size-36-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 108px !important
}
.wrapper .size-40 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 47px !important; FONT-SIZE: 40px !important
}
.wrapper .size-40-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 47px !important; FONT-SIZE: 40px !important
}
.wrapper .size-40-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 47px !important; FONT-SIZE: 40px !important
}
.wrapper .size-40-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 80px !important
}
.wrapper .size-40-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 120px !important
}
.wrapper .size-44 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 50px !important; FONT-SIZE: 44px !important
}
.wrapper .size-44-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 50px !important; FONT-SIZE: 44px !important
}
.wrapper .size-44-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 50px !important; FONT-SIZE: 44px !important
}
.wrapper .size-44-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 88px !important
}
.wrapper .size-44-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 132px !important
}
.wrapper .size-48 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 54px !important; FONT-SIZE: 48px !important
}
.wrapper .size-48-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 54px !important; FONT-SIZE: 48px !important
}
.wrapper .size-48-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 54px !important; FONT-SIZE: 48px !important
}
.wrapper .size-48-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 96px !important
}
.wrapper .size-48-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 144px !important
}
.wrapper .size-56 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 60px !important; FONT-SIZE: 56px !important
}
.wrapper .size-56-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 60px !important; FONT-SIZE: 56px !important
}
.wrapper .size-56-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 60px !important; FONT-SIZE: 56px !important
}
.wrapper .size-56-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 112px !important
}
.wrapper .size-56-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 168px !important
}
.wrapper .size-64 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 68px !important; FONT-SIZE: 64px !important
}
.wrapper .size-64-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 68px !important; FONT-SIZE: 64px !important
}
.wrapper .size-64-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 68px !important; FONT-SIZE: 64px !important
}
.wrapper .size-64-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 128px !important
}
.wrapper .size-64-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 192px !important
}
.wrapper .size-72 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 76px !important; FONT-SIZE: 72px !important
}
.wrapper .size-72-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 76px !important; FONT-SIZE: 72px !important
}
.wrapper .size-72-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 76px !important; FONT-SIZE: 72px !important
}
.wrapper .size-72-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 144px !important
}
.wrapper .size-72-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 216px !important
}
.wrapper .size-80 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 84px !important; FONT-SIZE: 80px !important
}
.wrapper .size-80-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 84px !important; FONT-SIZE: 80px !important
}
.wrapper .size-80-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 84px !important; FONT-SIZE: 80px !important
}
.wrapper .size-80-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 160px !important
}
.wrapper .size-80-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 240px !important
}
.wrapper .size-96 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 100px !important; FONT-SIZE: 96px !important
}
.wrapper .size-96-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 100px !important; FONT-SIZE: 96px !important
}
.wrapper .size-96-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 100px !important; FONT-SIZE: 96px !important
}
.wrapper .size-96-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 192px !important
}
.wrapper .size-96-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 288px !important
}
.wrapper .size-112 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 116px !important; FONT-SIZE: 112px !important
}
.wrapper .size-112-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 116px !important; FONT-SIZE: 112px !important
}
.wrapper .size-112-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 116px !important; FONT-SIZE: 112px !important
}
.wrapper .size-112-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 224px !important
}
.wrapper .size-112-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 336px !important
}
.wrapper .size-128 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 132px !important; FONT-SIZE: 128px !important
}
.wrapper .size-128-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 132px !important; FONT-SIZE: 128px !important
}
.wrapper .size-128-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 132px !important; FONT-SIZE: 128px !important
}
.wrapper .size-128-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 256px !important
}
.wrapper .size-128-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 384px !important
}
.wrapper .size-144 {
LINE-HEIGHT: 148px !important; FONT-SIZE: 144px !important
}
.wrapper .size-144-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 148px !important; FONT-SIZE: 144px !important
}
.wrapper .size-144-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 148px !important; FONT-SIZE: 144px !important
}
.wrapper .size-144-m {
LINE-HEIGHT: 288px !important
}
.wrapper .size-144-l {
LINE-HEIGHT: 432px !important
}
}
</STYLE>
<META name=x-apple-disable-message-reformatting>
<STYLE type=text/css>
.main, .mso {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
table-layout: fixed;
}
* {
line-height: inherit;
}
[x-apple-data-detectors] {
color: inherit !important;
text-decoration: none !important;
}
.wrapper .footer__share-button a:hover,
.wrapper .footer__share-button a:focus {
color: #ffffff !important;
}
.wrapper .footer__share-button a.icon-white:hover,
.wrapper .footer__share-button a.icon-white:focus {
color: #ffffff !important;
}
.wrapper .footer__share-button a.icon-black:hover,
.wrapper .footer__share-button a.icon-black:focus {
color: #000000 !important;
}
.btn a:hover,
.btn a:focus,
.footer__share-button a:hover,
.footer__share-button a:focus,
.email-footer__links a:hover,
.email-footer__links a:focus {
opacity: 0.8;
}
.preheader,
.header,
.layout,
.column {
transition: width 0.25s ease-in-out, max-width 0.25s ease-in-out;
}
.preheader td {
padding-bottom: 8px;
}
.layout,
div.header {
max-width: 400px !important;
-fallback-width: 95% !important;
width: calc(100% - 20px) !important;
}
div.preheader {
max-width: 360px !important;
-fallback-width: 90% !important;
width: calc(100% - 60px) !important;
}
.snippet,
.webversion {
Float: none !important;
}
.stack .column {
max-width: 400px !important;
width: 100% !important;
}
.fixed-width.has-border {
max-width: 402px !important;
}
.fixed-width.has-border .layout__inner {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.snippet,
.webversion {
width: 50% !important;
}
.mso .layout__edges {
font-size: 0;
}
.layout-fixed-width,
.mso .layout-full-width {
background-color: #ffffff;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 620px) {
.column,
.gutter {
display: table-cell;
Float: none !important;
vertical-align: top;
}
div.preheader,
.email-footer {
max-width: 560px !important;
width: 560px !important;
}
.snippet,
.webversion {
width: 280px !important;
}
div.header,
.layout,
.one-col .column {
max-width: 600px !important;
width: 600px !important;
}
.fixed-width.has-border,
.fixed-width.x_has-border,
.has-gutter.has-border,
.has-gutter.x_has-border {
max-width: 602px !important;
width: 602px !important;
}
.two-col .column {
max-width: 300px !important;
width: 300px !important;
}
.three-col .column,
.column.narrow,
.column.x_narrow {
max-width: 200px !important;
width: 200px !important;
}
.column.wide,
.column.x_wide {
width: 400px !important;
}
.two-col.has-gutter .column,
.two-col.x_has-gutter .column {
max-width: 290px !important;
width: 290px !important;
}
.three-col.has-gutter .column,
.three-col.x_has-gutter .column,
.has-gutter .narrow {
max-width: 188px !important;
width: 188px !important;
}
.has-gutter .wide {
max-width: 394px !important;
width: 394px !important;
}
.two-col.has-gutter.has-border .column,
.two-col.x_has-gutter.x_has-border .column {
max-width: 292px !important;
width: 292px !important;
}
.three-col.has-gutter.has-border .column,
.three-col.x_has-gutter.x_has-border .column,
.has-gutter.has-border .narrow,
.has-gutter.x_has-border .narrow {
max-width: 190px !important;
width: 190px !important;
}
.has-gutter.has-border .wide,
.has-gutter.x_has-border .wide {
max-width: 396px !important;
width: 396px !important;
}
}
@supports (display: flex) {
@media only screen and (min-width: 620px) {
.fixed-width.has-border .layout__inner {
display: flex !important;
}
}
}
/***
* Mobile Styles
*
* 1. Overriding inline styles
*/
@media(max-width: 619px) {
.email-flexible-footer .left-aligned-footer .column,
.email-flexible-footer .center-aligned-footer,
.email-flexible-footer .right-aligned-footer .column {
max-width: 100% !important; /* [1] */
text-align: center !important; /* [1] */
width: 100% !important; /* [1] */
}
.flexible-footer-logo {
margin-left: 0px !important; /* [1] */
margin-right: 0px !important; /* [1] */
}
.email-flexible-footer .left-aligned-footer .flexible-footer__share-button__container,
.email-flexible-footer .center-aligned-footer .flexible-footer__share-button__container,
.email-flexible-footer .right-aligned-footer .flexible-footer__share-button__container {
display: inline-block;
margin-left: 5px !important; /* [1] */
margin-right: 5px !important; /* [1] */
}
.email-flexible-footer__additionalinfo--center {
text-align: center !important; /* [1] */
}
.email-flexible-footer .left-aligned-footer table,
.email-flexible-footer .center-aligned-footer table,
.email-flexible-footer .right-aligned-footer table {
display: table !important; /* [1] */
width: 100% !important; /* [1] */
}
.email-flexible-footer .footer__share-button,
.email-flexible-footer .email-footer__additional-info {
margin-left: 20px;
margin-right: 20px;
}
}
@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), only screen and (min--moz-device-pixel-ratio: 2), only screen and (-o-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2/1), only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), only screen and (min-resolution: 192dpi), only screen and (min-resolution: 2dppx) {
.fblike {
background-image: url(http://i7.cmail19.com/static/eb/master/13-the-blueprint-3/images/fblike@2x.png) !important;
}
.tweet {
background-image: url(http://i8.cmail19.com/static/eb/master/13-the-blueprint-3/images/tweet@2x.png) !important;
}
.linkedinshare {
background-image: url(http://i10.cmail19.com/static/eb/master/13-the-blueprint-3/images/lishare@2x.png) !important;
}
.forwardtoafriend {
background-image: url(http://i9.cmail19.com/static/eb/master/13-the-blueprint-3/images/forward@2x.png) !important;
}
}
@media (max-width: 321px) {
.fixed-width.has-border .layout__inner {
border-width: 1px 0 !important;
}
.layout,
.stack .column {
min-width: 320px !important;
width: 320px !important;
}
.border {
display: none;
}
.has-gutter .border {
display: table-cell;
}
}
.cmctbl--inline table {
border-collapse: collapse;
}
</STYLE>
<!--[if !mso]><!-->
<STYLE type=text/css>
@import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat:400,700,400italic,700italic);
</STYLE>
<LINK rel=stylesheet type=text/css
href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat:400,700,400italic,700italic"><!--<![endif]-->
<STYLE type=text/css>
.main,.mso{background-color:#fff}.logo a:hover,.logo a:focus{color:#1e2e3b !important}.footer-logo a:hover,.footer-logo a:focus{color:#372d1b !important}.mso .layout-has-border{border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mso .layout-has-bottom-border{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mso .border{background-color:#ccc}.mso h1{}.mso h1{font-size:28px !important;line-height:36px !important}.mso h2{}.mso h2{font-size:22px !important;line-height:31px !important}.mso h3{}.mso h3{font-size:18px !important;line-height:26px !important}.mso .layout__inner{}.mso .footer__share-button p{}.mso .footer__share-button p{font-family:Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif}
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the dangers of overshooting 2°C
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<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Has the beginning of autumn
felt more like the middle of summer to you? Even scientists who have
monitored Earth's climate for decades were <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-r/">shocked</A> by
global temperature data for September, which was 0.93°C warmer than the
average for the month between 1991 and 2020. In fact, September 2023 was a
whole half-degree celsius hotter than the previous record, set in
2020.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">You're reading the Imagine
newsletter – a weekly synthesis of academic insight on solutions to
climate change, brought to you by The Conversation. I'm Jack Marley,
energy and environment editor. This week, we're discussing why September
was sweltering – and what accelerating climate change means for the
world.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">This year was already
proving to be particularly warm before the September temperature spike.
With it, scientists estimate that 2023 is <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-y/">now
on track</A> to be the hottest year ever recorded.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">The biggest driver of the
increasing rate at which Earth is heating remains emissions of carbon
dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which have yet to peak globally. The
burning of coal, oil and gas is <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-j/">the
overwhelming source</A>.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"Overall, humanity’s
effect on the climate has been a global warming of about 1.2°C," says
Andrew King, a senior lecturer in climate science at the University of
Melbourne.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"The <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-t/"><STRONG>record-high
rate of greenhouse gas emissions</STRONG></A> means we should expect
global warming to accelerate too."</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">But there is another big
influence on global temperatures this year says King: El Niño, the warm
phase of a natural cycle centred on the Pacific Ocean.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"During El Niño we see
warming of the surface ocean over much of the tropical Pacific. This
warming, and the effects of El Niño in other parts of the world, raises
global average temperatures by about 0.1 to 0.2°C," he says.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Paulo Ceppi and Piers
Forster, climate scientists at Imperial College London and the University
of Leeds respectively, point out that the current El Niño is still
building and will <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-i/"><STRONG>amplify
global heating</STRONG></A> even more in the months to come.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"After years of excess
heat flowing into the ocean, the current El Niño is causing the release of
some of this to the atmosphere," they say.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">That's not all, though.
Some forms of air pollution, like sulphur dioxide from coal furnaces or
the engines of container vessels, help cool the climate system by
reflecting some of the Sun's radiation back to space. Low sulphur rules
imposed on the shipping industry by the International Maritime
Organization in 2020 have <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-d/">reduced
global emissions</A> of sulphur dioxide by 10%. </P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Cleaner air has
unfortunately meant a smaller cooling effect. </P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"It’s likely this is
contributing to the extreme high global temperatures – but only on the
order of hundredths of a degree. Recent analysis suggests the effect of
the 2020 shipping agreement is about an extra 0.05°C warming by 2050,"
King says.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">On top of this, the Sun's
intensity (which varies in 11-year cycles) is peaking, say Ceppi and
Forster.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"Two additional effects,
both likely to be small, come from the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai volcanic
eruption in January 2022, which injected <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-h/">large
amounts of water vapour</A> (a potent greenhouse gas) into the
stratosphere, plus a recent <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-k/">decrease
in the amount of Saharan dust</A> being blown onto the Atlantic
ocean, allowing more sunlight to reach and warm the ocean surface,
possibly contributing to the exceptional <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-u/">North
Atlantic sea surface temperatures</A> recorded this year," they
add.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Searing heat so late in
the year will affect <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-o/"><STRONG>crops
which ripen in the autumn</STRONG></A>, like hops, which are predominantly
grown in Germany, the Czech Republic and Slovenia. A study published this
week found that European beers are likely to taste worse and cost more as
a result of these seasonal changes.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">More alarming is the
implication that Earth's average temperature anomaly for September was
1.7°C above the pre-industrial average. This is well above the 1.5°C
threshold scientists have urged countries to limit long-term global
heating to in order to prevent worsening and potentially irreversible
effects – and close to the Paris agreement's upper limit of 2°C.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Research suggests that
even briefly exceeding this latter temperature limit could cause permanent
damage to our planet's teetering ecosystems.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px"><STRONG>Temporary
overshoot, permanent damage</STRONG></P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Climate change has already
made the ocean uncomfortably hot and increasingly breathless for a vast
array of marine life. The warmer the water, the less dissolved oxygen it
can hold.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">If global warming exceeds
2°C temporarily (<A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-b/">which
is possible</A> even with substantial cuts to emissions according to
one analysis), the effect on ocean ecosystems would <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-n/"><STRONG>endure
over several human lifetimes</STRONG></A> – long after CO₂ levels in
the atmosphere have peaked and declined.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">That's according to new
research by Tilo Ziehn and Andrew Lenton at CSIRO and Yeray Santana-Falcón
at CNRM.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"Our study findings raise
concerns about shrinking habitats. For example, species like tuna live in
well-oxygenated surface waters and are restricted by low oxygen in deeper
waters," the team say. </P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"Their habitat will be
compressed towards the surface for hundreds of years, according to our
study."</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">A study published last
year examined the consequences of overshooting 2°C on land.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"The results suggest that
a temporary overshoot would cause <A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-p/"><STRONG>waves
of irreversible extinctions</STRONG></A> and lasting damage to tens
of thousands of species," say Joanne Bentley, Alex Pigot, Andreas L. S.
Meyer and Christopher Trisos, ecologists at the University of Cape Town
and UCL.</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"This is what the world
can expect if humanity fails to make deep emission cuts this decade, and
relies instead on future technologies to remove emissions later."</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">Smaller contributors to
global heating will vary in strength over time but it is greenhouse gas
emissions – and therefore, humanity – that is firmly in the driver's seat
say Ceppi and Forster:</P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px">"Only by rapidly reducing
emissions of greenhouse gases towards zero can the level of global warming
be limited."</P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><EM>- Jack Marley, Environment commissioning
editor</EM></P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 2px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ccc; WIDTH: 40px; DISPLAY: block; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; FONT-SIZE: 2px; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto"
class=divider></DIV></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 11px">
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px"><EM><SPAN
style="COLOR: #000000">Was this email forwarded to you? Join the 20,000
people who get one email every week about the most important issue of our
time. <STRONG><A
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href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-c/"
data-emb-iscopy="true">Subscribe to
Imagine.</A></STRONG></SPAN></EM></P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 2px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ccc; WIDTH: 40px; DISPLAY: block; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; FONT-SIZE: 2px; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto"
class=divider></DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td></tr></table><![endif]--></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15px; FONT-SIZE: 15px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: 320px; MAX-WIDTH: 600px; WORD-WRAP: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word"
class="layout one-col fixed-width stack">
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: table; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse"
class=layout__inner><!--[if mso]><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation"><tr class="layout-fixed-width" style="background-color: #ffffff;"><td style="width: 600px" class="w560"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
class=column>
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal"
align=center><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-q/"><IMG
style="BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 668px; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px"
class="gnd-corner-image gnd-corner-image-center gnd-corner-image-top"
alt="Silhouetted people at golden hour walking down a Paris street."
src="http://i2.cmail19.com/ei/r/D5/699/1A3/024144/csfinal/file-20231006-27-7ho178-9900000000079e3c.jpeg"
width=600></A> </DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 11px">
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 28px; MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 20px"
lang=x-size-24 class=size-24><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-a/"><STRONG>6
reasons why global temperatures are spiking
right now</STRONG></A></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16>The preliminary global-average temperature
anomaly for September is a shocking 1.7°C. These are the drivers of
current record-breaking heat. </P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px"
class="btn btn--flat btn--small"><!--[if !mso]><!--><A
style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6px; LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #29339b; PADDING-LEFT: 12px; PADDING-RIGHT: 12px; DISPLAY: inline-block; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat, DejaVu Sans, Verdana, sans-serif; COLOR: #ffffff !important; FONT-SIZE: 11px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-DECORATION: none !important; PADDING-TOP: 6px; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in; border-radius: 4px"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-f/">Read
more</A><!--<![endif]--><!--[if mso]><p style="line-height:0;margin:0;"> </p><v:roundrect xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-f/" style="width:68.25pt" arcsize="13%" fillcolor="#29339B" stroke="f"><v:textbox style="mso-fit-shape-to-text:t" inset="0pt,3.75pt,0pt,3.75pt"><center style="font-size:11px;line-height:19px;color:#FFFFFF;font-family:Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-text-raise:1.25px">Read more</center></v:textbox></v:roundrect><![endif]-->
</DIV></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 2px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ccc; WIDTH: 40px; DISPLAY: block; MARGIN-LEFT: auto; FONT-SIZE: 2px; MARGIN-RIGHT: auto"
class=divider></DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td></tr></table><![endif]--></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: 320px; MAX-WIDTH: 600px; WORD-WRAP: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word"
class="layout fixed-width stack">
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: table; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse"
class=layout__inner><!--[if mso]><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation"><tr class="layout-fixed-width" style="background-color: #ffffff;"><td style="width: 200px" valign="top" class="w160"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 200px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WIDTH: 320px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
class="column narrow">
<DIV style="MARGIN: 12px 20px">
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal"
align=center><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-z/"><IMG
style="BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 480px; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px"
alt="Secateurs with red handles in three horizontal rows with blue numbers behind them."
src="http://i3.cmail19.com/ei/r/D5/699/1A3/024144/csfinal/file-20231011-27-ra1dqb-990000079e01453c.jpeg"
width=160></A> </DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td><td style="width: 400px" valign="top" class="w360"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WIDTH: 320px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 400px; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
class="column wide">
<DIV style="MARGIN-TOP: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 11px">
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><STRONG><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-v/">Here’s
what’s driving the record autumn heat (it’s not just
carbon emissions)</A></STRONG></P>
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><SPAN style="COLOR: #202020">On top of rising
greenhouse gas emissions, aerosol pollution which would normally cool
Earth has fallen.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: left" class="btn btn--flat btn--small"><!--[if !mso]><!--><A
style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6px; LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #29339b; PADDING-LEFT: 12px; PADDING-RIGHT: 12px; DISPLAY: inline-block; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat, DejaVu Sans, Verdana, sans-serif; COLOR: #ffffff !important; FONT-SIZE: 11px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-DECORATION: none !important; PADDING-TOP: 6px; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in; border-radius: 4px"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-e/">Read
more</A><!--<![endif]--><!--[if mso]><p style="line-height:0;margin:0;"> </p><v:roundrect xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-e/" style="width:68.25pt" arcsize="13%" fillcolor="#29339B" stroke="f"><v:textbox style="mso-fit-shape-to-text:t" inset="0pt,3.75pt,0pt,3.75pt"><center style="font-size:11px;line-height:19px;color:#FFFFFF;font-family:Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-text-raise:1.25px">Read more</center></v:textbox></v:roundrect><![endif]-->
</DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td></tr></table><![endif]--></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: 320px; MAX-WIDTH: 600px; WORD-WRAP: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word"
class="layout fixed-width stack">
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: table; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse"
class=layout__inner><!--[if mso]><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation"><tr class="layout-fixed-width" style="background-color: #ffffff;"><td style="width: 200px" valign="top" class="w160"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 200px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WIDTH: 320px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
class="column narrow">
<DIV style="MARGIN: 12px 20px">
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal"
align=center><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-s/"><IMG
style="BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 480px; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px"
alt="The sun glows on the horizon of the ocean."
src="http://i4.cmail19.com/ei/r/D5/699/1A3/024144/csfinal/file-20231006-17-2q0nab-990000079e01453c.jpeg"
width=160></A> </DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td><td style="width: 400px" valign="top" class="w360"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WIDTH: 320px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 400px; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
class="column wide">
<DIV style="MARGIN-TOP: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 11px">
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><STRONG><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-g/">Even
temporary global warming above 2℃ will affect life in the oceans
for centuries</A></STRONG></P>
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><SPAN style="COLOR: #202020">A climate
overshoot that creates warmer oceans with lower oxygen levels will reduce
the suitable habitat for many marine species long after CO₂ levels have
peaked and declined.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: left" class="btn btn--flat btn--small"><!--[if !mso]><!--><A
style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6px; LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #29339b; PADDING-LEFT: 12px; PADDING-RIGHT: 12px; DISPLAY: inline-block; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat, DejaVu Sans, Verdana, sans-serif; COLOR: #ffffff !important; FONT-SIZE: 11px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-DECORATION: none !important; PADDING-TOP: 6px; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in; border-radius: 4px"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-w/">Read
more</A><!--<![endif]--><!--[if mso]><p style="line-height:0;margin:0;"> </p><v:roundrect xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-w/" style="width:68.25pt" arcsize="13%" fillcolor="#29339B" stroke="f"><v:textbox style="mso-fit-shape-to-text:t" inset="0pt,3.75pt,0pt,3.75pt"><center style="font-size:11px;line-height:19px;color:#FFFFFF;font-family:Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-text-raise:1.25px">Read more</center></v:textbox></v:roundrect><![endif]-->
</DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td></tr></table><![endif]--></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: 320px; MAX-WIDTH: 600px; WORD-WRAP: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word"
class="layout fixed-width stack">
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: table; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse"
class=layout__inner><!--[if mso]><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation"><tr class="layout-fixed-width" style="background-color: #ffffff;"><td style="width: 200px" valign="top" class="w160"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 200px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WIDTH: 320px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
class="column narrow">
<DIV style="MARGIN: 12px 20px">
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal"
align=center><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-yd/"><IMG
style="BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 480px; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px"
alt="A white oryx in dry scrubland."
src="http://i5.cmail19.com/ei/r/D5/699/1A3/024144/csfinal/file-20220629-18-hj04qv-990000079e01453c.jpeg"
width=160></A> </DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td><td style="width: 400px" valign="top" class="w360"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WIDTH: 320px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 400px; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
class="column wide">
<DIV style="MARGIN-TOP: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 11px">
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><STRONG><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-yh/">Climate
crisis: even temporarily overshooting 2°C would cause permanent damage to
Earth’s species</A></STRONG></P>
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><SPAN style="COLOR: #202020">Species will
endure intolerable conditions long after the global average temperature
stabilises.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV style="TEXT-ALIGN: left" class="btn btn--flat btn--small"><!--[if !mso]><!--><A
style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6px; LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #29339b; PADDING-LEFT: 12px; PADDING-RIGHT: 12px; DISPLAY: inline-block; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat, DejaVu Sans, Verdana, sans-serif; COLOR: #ffffff !important; FONT-SIZE: 11px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-DECORATION: none !important; PADDING-TOP: 6px; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in; border-radius: 4px"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-yk/">Read
more</A><!--<![endif]--><!--[if mso]><p style="line-height:0;margin:0;"> </p><v:roundrect xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-yk/" style="width:68.25pt" arcsize="13%" fillcolor="#29339B" stroke="f"><v:textbox style="mso-fit-shape-to-text:t" inset="0pt,3.75pt,0pt,3.75pt"><center style="font-size:11px;line-height:19px;color:#FFFFFF;font-family:Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-text-raise:1.25px">Read more</center></v:textbox></v:roundrect><![endif]-->
</DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td></tr></table><![endif]--></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: 320px; MAX-WIDTH: 600px; WORD-WRAP: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word"
class="layout fixed-width stack">
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: table; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse"
class=layout__inner><!--[if mso]><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation"><tr class="layout-fixed-width" style="background-color: #ffffff;"><td style="width: 200px" valign="top" class="w160"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 200px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WIDTH: 320px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 320px; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
class="column narrow">
<DIV style="MARGIN: 12px 20px">
<DIV
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 19px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal"
align=center><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-yu/"><IMG
style="BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; DISPLAY: block; MAX-WIDTH: 480px; BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; HEIGHT: auto; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px"
alt="A row of colourful craft beer cans."
src="http://i6.cmail19.com/ei/r/D5/699/1A3/024144/csfinal/file-20231009-15-6ttbca-990000079e01453c.jpeg"
width=160></A> </DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td><td style="width: 400px" valign="top" class="w360"><![endif]-->
<DIV
style="MIN-WIDTH: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; WIDTH: 320px; FONT-FAMILY: Montserrat,DejaVu Sans,Verdana,sans-serif; MAX-WIDTH: 400px; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #202020; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
class="column wide">
<DIV style="MARGIN-TOP: 12px; MARGIN-LEFT: 20px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 20px">
<DIV
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 11px">
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><STRONG><A
style="COLOR: #202020; TEXT-DECORATION: underline; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in"
href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-jl/">Hotter,
drier summers will make European craft beers less ‘hoppy’ –
new study</A></STRONG></P>
<P
style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN-TOP: 20px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 16px"
lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><SPAN style="COLOR: #202020">By 2050, the
chemicals which make craft beers 'hoppy' could decrease by a
third.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
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<P
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lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><STRONG><A
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href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-jj/">One
of 2023’s most extreme heatwaves is happening in the middle
of winter</A></STRONG></P>
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lang=x-size-16 class=size-16><SPAN style="COLOR: #202020">Parts of
Argentina and the Chilean Andes experienced some of their highest
temperatures on record.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
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<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px"><SPAN
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change</STRONG></SPAN></P>
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href="https://theconversationuk.cmail19.com/t/r-l-tiliutlt-nljldnkrt-ji/">Exxon,
Apple and other corporate giants will have to disclose all their
emissions under California’s new climate laws – that will have a
global impact</A>
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hazards aren’t restricted by borders – African countries have taken a
big step to address this</A>
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pope’s new letter isn’t just an ‘exhortation’ on the environment – for
Francis, everything is connected, which is a source of wonder</A>
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bears may struggle to produce milk for their cubs as climate change
melts sea ice</A></LI></UL></DIV></DIV></DIV><!--[if mso]></td></tr></table><![endif]--></DIV></DIV>
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