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<DIV dir=ltr>Очень интересный отчет по судебным делам в области изменения
климата! Статья ниже, отчет во вложении.<BR><BR>
<DIV class=gmail_quote>
<DIV dir=ltr class=gmail_attr>---------- Forwarded message ---------<BR>От:
<STRONG dir=auto class=gmail_sendername>Fred Heutte</STRONG> <SPAN
dir=auto><<A
href="mailto:phred@sunlightdata.com">phred@sunlightdata.com</A>></SPAN></DIV><BR>Climate
cases to watch around the world<BR><BR>Jennifer Hijazi, E&E News
reporter<BR>Published: Wednesday, July 10, 2019<BR><BR>The United States is not
the only country with a steady flow of climate<BR>lawsuits.<BR><BR>A study
released last week found that as of this year, climate cases<BR>have appeared in
the courts of 28 countries.<BR><BR>While climate litigation is not new, the
steady drumbeat of cases in the<BR>United States and abroad points to a trend:
Individuals and groups<BR>increasingly see the courts as a way to address
climate change.<BR><BR>The report by the Grantham Research Institute on Climate
Change and the<BR>Environment surveyed worldwide climate litigation from the
early 1990s<BR>to 2019. It culled data mainly from the Climate Change Laws of
the World<BR>database, run by the Grantham Institute and Columbia Law School's
Sabin<BR>Center for Climate Change Law.<BR><BR>Of the 1,328 cases surveyed, a
famously litigious United States holds a<BR>hefty lead at 1,023. Australia
follows with 94 cases.<BR><BR>Climate change cases in low- and middle-income
countries are also on the<BR>rise, according to the report. Eleven of the
countries listed in the<BR>report are on the World Bank's low- and middle-income
list.<BR><BR>According to the report, more than 300 climate cases have been
brought<BR>to courts outside the United States since 1994.<BR><BR>The cases tend
to feed off each other, said Carroll Muffett, president<BR>of the Center for
International Environmental Law.<BR><BR>"Law is by nature an iterative process,
and that's particularly true<BR>where ... you see the law moving into areas that
are, in some respects,<BR>new," he said. "In those circumstances, it's not at
all uncommon for<BR>both plaintiffs and judges alike to look across borders for
examples of<BR>relevant precedence."<BR><BR>Many of the international lawsuits
will look familiar to those following<BR>U.S. climate
litigation.<BR><BR>Similarly to the ongoing kids' climate case in U.S. courts,
youth<BR>plaintiffs in Colombia sued the government in 2018 over the
fundamental<BR>rights to a safe environment. Lower courts ruled against the
kid<BR>plaintiffs, but Colombia's Supreme Court reversed the
decision.<BR><BR>The Colombian government was compelled to take measures to
address<BR>climate change as a result of the loss, but the case was thrown back
to<BR>court when the government failed to take action.<BR><BR>Another group of
plaintiffs in Canada took a class-action suit on behalf<BR>of Quebec citizens
younger than 35 to the Quebec Supreme Court. Like<BR>other youth climate cases,
the suit accuses the government of violating<BR>kids' rights to a safe climate
by intentionally setting ineffective<BR>greenhouse gas emission
targets.<BR><BR>Shareholders in Australia, on the other hand, targeted the
Commonwealth<BR>Bank of Australia for failing to disclose climate change
business risks<BR>in annual reports. A decision is pending.<BR><BR>And in the
Netherlands, an environmental group is suing fossil fuel<BR>producer Royal Dutch
Shell PLC for its contributions to the effects of<BR>climate
change.<BR><BR>Muffett — whose group has filed amicus briefs and testified in
support<BR>of a number of international cases — said the most important
trend<BR>surrounding this litigation is its rapid spread.<BR><BR>"One of the
things that really needs to be highlighted here is the<BR>diversity of those
suits, and this is true whether we look<BR>internationally or domestically," he
said.<BR><BR>Dena Adler, a fellow at the Sabin Center, told E&E News in an
email that<BR>these cases "can face an uphill battle in the courtroom," but
"early<BR>victories in the Netherlands and Colombia illustrate that legal
barriers<BR>can be overcome in at least some jurisdictions."<BR><BR>Here are
some of the other ongoing international cases to
watch:<BR><BR>Australia<BR><BR>Eight islanders from the Torres Strait, just off
the coast of<BR>Queensland, Australia, are suing the Australian government for
failing<BR>to address climate change. In their filing with the U.N. Human
Rights<BR>Committee, petitioners say their homes are at risk due to high
tides<BR>that threaten to completely inundate the islands. They argue
that<BR>Australia, by not doing enough to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions
and<BR>contributing to climate change, violated their human rights under
the<BR>International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.<BR><BR>In a
separate case in the Federal Court of Australia, pension fund<BR>member Mark
McVeigh went after the Retail Employees Superannuation Trust<BR>for failing to
provide adequate information about climate change<BR>business
risks.<BR><BR>McVeigh requested information about how the company planned to
respond<BR>to climate change risks that "have posed, and will increasingly
continue<BR>to pose, material or major risks to the financial position of many
of<BR>REST's investments." He sued when he found its response
inadequate.<BR><BR>France The French government has been the target of two cases
so far in<BR>2019.<BR><BR>In one, the mayor of a coastal town in northern France
filed suit<BR>against the government at the Conseil d'État for not doing enough
to<BR>curb global warming.<BR><BR>According to a press release provided by the
plaintiffs, "the<BR>municipality of Grande-Synthe is particularly vulnerable to
climate<BR>change." The government needs "to take useful legislative and
regulatory<BR>measures to make climate priority mandatory and to prohibit any
measure<BR>likely to increase greenhouse gas emissions."<BR><BR>Another case,
filed in the Administrative Court in Paris by<BR>environmental groups, requests
damages from the French government for<BR>failing to tackle climate change. The
suit asks that the court compel<BR>the government to "put an end to all the
State's failures to meet its<BR>obligations — general and specific — regarding
the fight against climate<BR>change or the mitigation of its
effects."<BR><BR>India<BR><BR>At 9 years old, Ridhima Pandey filed a lawsuit in
the National Green<BR>Tribunal of India against the Indian government over its
alleged lack of<BR>climate action. The 2017 suit claimed that her government
violated<BR>duties stipulated in existing environmental law and India's Public
Trust<BR>Doctrine from the Paris Agreement.<BR><BR>"As a young person, the
Applicant is part of a class that amongst all<BR>Indians is most vulnerable to
changes in climate in India yet are not<BR>part of the decision making process,"
the complaint said. "The<BR>government has failed to take any effective
science-based measure, and<BR>there is a huge gap in implementation of the
environmental<BR>legislations."<BR><BR>Ireland<BR><BR>An environmental advocacy
group brought a 2018 case against the Irish<BR>government for inadequately
dealing with climate change.<BR><BR>The case alleges that the government's
National Mitigation Plan to curb<BR>emissions isn't enough to prevent severe
consequences, thus violating<BR>human rights under the European Convention on
Human Rights and existing<BR>environmental regulations.<BR><BR>While Ireland's
High Court did hear arguments in Friends of the Irish<BR>Environment v. Ireland,
the Irish government opted to keep case<BR>documents from going
public.<BR><BR>Pakistan<BR><BR>Women in Pakistan claim their government
infringed on their rights not<BR>just with regard to a safe climate, but also on
the basis of sex<BR>discrimination.<BR><BR>In Maria Khan et al. v. Federation of
Pakistan et al., a group of female<BR>petitioners say that the consequences of
global warming — exacerbated by<BR>the Pakistan's rapid greenhouse gas emissions
— will have<BR>disproportionate effects on women because of social constraints
that<BR>afford them less opportunities to cope than men.<BR><BR>"In addition,
they tend to possess fewer assets than men and depend more<BR>on natural
resources for their livelihoods. In time of a disaster, women<BR>are more likely
to suffer due to their limited access to financial,<BR>natural, institutional or
social resources and often due to social norms<BR>and ethos," the complaint
said.<BR><BR>Philippines<BR><BR>Individuals and environmental advocacy
organizations, including<BR>Greenpeace Southeast Asia, filed a petition in the
Philippines<BR>Commission on Human Rights against a slew of "carbon majors,"
including<BR>top oil and gas producers around the world.<BR><BR>Petitioners say
the activities of those producers "contribute a<BR>significant portion of the
estimated emissions of greenhouse gases" that<BR>cause climate change damages
felt keenly by Filipinos.<BR><BR>The suit alleges "violations or threats of
violations of Filipinos'<BR>rights (a) to life; (b) to the highest attainable
standard of physical<BR>and mental health;(c) to food; (d) to water; (e) to
sanitation; (f) to<BR>adequate housing; and (g) to self-determination resulting
from the<BR>adverse impacts of climate change."<BR><BR>The commission took up
the case and began holding public hearings last<BR>year.<BR><BR>Uganda<BR><BR>A
youth case brought in 2012 marked the first climate-related litigation<BR>effort
in Uganda. But the lawsuit has faced significant delays.<BR><BR>Four Ugandan
minors and environmental organization Greenwatch argued<BR>that the government
has a responsibility under the Ugandan Constitution<BR>to act "as a public
trustee to ensure that the atmosphere is free from<BR>pollution for the present
and future generations."<BR><BR>The case had a preliminary hearing, but no
action has been taken since.<BR>The case remains pending in the High Court at
Kampala.<BR><BR>Cases on appeal<BR><BR>Several high-profile international case
are awaiting appeals decisions.<BR>They include:<BR><BR>Lliuya v. RWE: A
Peruvian farmer sued Germany's largest electricity<BR>producer for knowingly
producing greenhouse gas emissions that<BR>contribute to melting glaciers near
his home.<BR><BR>Union of Swiss Senior Women for Climate Protection v. Swiss
Federal<BR>Council and others: A group of senior women say
they're<BR>disproportionately affected by the Swiss government's failure to
do<BR>enough to curb emissions.<BR><BR>Urgenda Foundation v. State of the
Netherlands: This landmark climate<BR>case — in which an environmental group
sued the government for failing<BR>to do more about climate change — prevailed
in two lower courts. The<BR>Dutch government has appealed.<BR><BR>Armando Ferrão
Carvalho and others v. the European Parliament and the<BR>Council: Also known as
the "People's Climate Case," this case was<BR>brought by families from around
the world who argue that the European<BR>Union's current emissions reduction
plan isn't stringent enough to avoid<BR>severe climate consequences, thus
violating their fundamental rights to<BR>life, health and property.<BR><BR>--
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13px">Best regards,</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 13px">Tatiana
Shauro</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><B style="FONT-FAMILY: verdana,sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(255,0,0)">I support<A
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target=_blank> #FridaysForFuture.</A> Lets <SPAN
style="WHITE-SPACE: pre-wrap; LETTER-SPACING: 0px">Unite behind the
science.</SPAN></B><SPAN
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<DIV><SPAN
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style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 13px">Regional
Campaigns Communications Officer EECCA </SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 13px">(Eastern
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px">Climate Action Network-International (CAN)</SPAN><BR
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size=2 face=Arial>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">
<DIV style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> <A
title=tshauro@climatenetwork.org
href="mailto:tshauro@climatenetwork.org">Tatiana Shauro</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Sunday, July 14, 2019 8:25 PM</DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> [can-eecca] Climate cases to watch around the
world</DIV></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV></FONT></BODY></HTML>